Structural superimposed halo model of vein-type ore bodies and deep prospecting prediction of the Daping gold deposit in Yunnan Province
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摘要:
大坪金矿是哀牢山成矿带上重要的脉状金矿床，累计黄金储量超过 55 t，随着多年开采，矿山保有储量不断减少, 亟需开展矿区深部找矿预测研究，明确深部找矿方向。为探讨大坪金矿床深部成矿潜力，对大坪金矿白沙坡矿区V8脉状主矿体开展了构造叠加晕研究。结果显示：大坪金矿Ag、Cu、Pb元素与Au矿化具有密切联系，Au、Ag、Cu、Pb为大坪金矿近矿晕特征指示元素组合。根据改良的格里戈良分带指数法得到各勘探线轴向分带序列，发现各勘探线轴向分带序列具有“反分带” 特征，指示多期多阶段叠加成矿，结合微量元素轴向变化和地球化学参数变化，其南东方向160～200勘探线深部具有头尾晕叠加特征，指示南东深部矿体仍有延伸。采用克里金插值法得到衬值晕分带图，显示矿体向南东深部侧伏。根据矿体空间展布、地球化学特征和元素空间分布规律，建立了大坪金矿脉状矿体构造叠加晕找矿模型，认为160～200勘探线深部存在有利成矿空间，同时圈定找矿靶位，后续钻孔施工验证成功见矿。本研究表明构造叠加晕方法仍然是当前脉状金矿深部找矿有效手段之一，可为矿区深部找矿预测提供参考。
Abstract:Objective The Daping gold deposit is an economically significant vein-type gold deposit in the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt, with cumulative gold reserves exceeding 55 t. Due to years of mining, the recoverable reserves of the mine have been decreasing continously, making it essential to conduct in-depth prospecting research in the mining area to guide future exploration efforts.
Methods To investigate the deep metallogenic potential of the Daping gold deposit, research on the structural superimposed halo was conducted on the main ore body of the V8 vein-type ore body in Baishapo mining area.
Results The results showed a close association between Ag, Cu, Pb, and Au mineralization in the Daping gold deposit. These elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Pb) served as the characteristic indicators for the near-ore halo of the Daping gold deposit. By applying an improved Grigoryan zoning index method, the axial zoning sequences of each exploration line were obtained. It was observed that the axial zoning sequences of each exploration line exhibited "reverse zoning" characteristics, indicating multi-period and multi-stage superimposed mineralization. Combined with the axial variation of trace elements and geochemical parameters, it was found that the deep part of the 160−200 exploration lines in the southeast direction demonstrated a head-tail halo superposition feature, suggesting possible deep ore body extensions in this region. A contrast halo zoning map generated through Kriging interpolation indicated that the ore body plunges towards the deep southeastern direction. Based on the spatial distribution of ore bodies, geochemical properties, and element spatial distribution patterns, a structural superimposed halo exploration model for the vein-type ore bodies in the Daping gold deposit is established. This model suggests that favorable metallogenic spaces exist in the deep part of the 160−200 exploration lines. Prospecting targets are delineated accordingly, and subsequent drilling verification successfully intersects ore.
Conclusion Thus, the successful application of this approach demonstrates that the structural superimposed halo method remains an effective tool for current deep prospecting in vein-type gold deposits, thereby providing a reference for deep prospecting prediction in mining areas.
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图 2 大坪金矿白沙坡矿区平面及剖面地质图（120～200勘探线位置见图1，下同）
Figure 2. Plan and cross-sectional geological map of the Baishapo mining area, Daping gold deposit
图 3 大坪金矿V8矿体不同成矿阶段脉体穿插关系及矿物组合特征
a. 乳白色石英含水压致裂角砾和少量细粒黄铁矿；b. 铁白云石与乳白色石英共生，石英脉局部膨大；c. 石英−黄铁矿−黄铜矿化阶段，黄铁矿呈团块状；d. 石英−多金属硫化物阶段穿插石英−黄铁矿−黄铜矿化阶段；e. 石英−多金属硫化物阶段，方铅矿边缘呈锯齿状；f. 晚期铁白云石脉穿插乳白色石英。Ank. 铁白云石；Py. 黄铁矿；Ccp. 黄铜矿；Gn. 方铅矿；Q. 石英
Figure 3. Vein interpenetration and mineral assemblage characteristics of V8 ore body at different metallogenic stages in the Daping gold deposit
图 4 大坪金矿不同成矿阶段主要矿物组成
Figure 4. Main mineral composition at different metallogenic stages of the Daping gold deposit
图 6 大坪金矿矿石样品16种元素相关系数图
Figure 6. Correlation coefficients of 16 elements in ore samples of the Daping gold deposit
图 7 大坪金矿矿石样品16种元素树形谱系图
Figure 7. Dendrogram of 16 elements in ore samples of the Daping gold deposit
图 8 大坪金矿V8矿体微量元素轴向变化曲线图
Figure 8. Axial variation curves of trace elements of V8 ore body in the Daping gold deposit
图 9 大坪金矿V8矿体不同勘探线轴向地球化学参数变化图
Figure 9. Axial variation of geochemical parameters along different exploration lines of V8 ore body in the Daping gold deposit
图 10 大坪金矿V8矿体纵剖面衬值晕分带图
矿体晕指示元素：Au；前缘晕指示元素：Hg，As，Sb，B；近矿晕指示元素：Au，Ag，Cu，Pb；尾晕指示元素：Mo，Mn，Co，Bi，Ni，Sn
Figure 10. Contrast halo zoning of longitudinal section of V8 ore body in the Daping gold deposit
图 11 大坪金矿V8矿体构造叠加晕成矿模式图
Figure 11. Metallogenic model of structural superimposed halo of V8 ore body in the Daping gold deposit
图 12 大坪金矿区白沙坡矿段KZK184-2钻孔见矿情况
Figure 12. Ore occurrence in drill hole KZK184-2 of the Baishapo section, Daping gold deposit
表 1 大坪金矿闪长岩微量元素含量特征
Table 1. Content characteristics of trace elements in diorite of the Daping gold deposit
元素 几何平均值 地壳克拉克值 浓度克拉克值 Au 9.44 1.93 4.89 Ag 0.09 0.07 1.29 As 0.93 2.03 0.46 B 6.68 11.20 0.60 Bi 0.05 0.19 0.26 Co 34.67 24.60 1.41 Cu 37.46 55.40 0.68 Hg 4.79 91.10 0.05 Mn 1139.2 1060.0 1.07 Mo 0.31 1.38 0.22 Ni 55.88 81.10 0.69 Pb 52.45 13.90 3.77 Sb 0.27 0.44 0.61 Sn 1.44 2.73 0.53 W 3.08 1.13 2.73 Zn 118.92 75.30 1.58 注：除 Hg、Au元素质量分数单位为10−9外，其他元素质量分数单位均为10−6；表2同；浓度克拉克值=几何平均值/地壳克拉克值；地壳克拉克值引自文献[20] 
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表 2 大坪金矿V8矿体微量元素含量特征
Table 2. Content characteristics of trace elements in V8 ore body of the Daping gold deposit
元素 几何平均值 矿区背景值 衬值 Au 863.47 9.44 91.47 Ag 4.91 0.09 54.56 As 21.97 0.93 23.62 B 6.94 6.68 1.04 Bi 5.41 0.05 108.20 Co 13.61 34.67 0.39 Cu 544.98 37.46 14.55 Hg 21.20 4.79 4.43 Mn 1225.5 1139.2 1.08 Mo 3.50 0.31 11.29 Ni 72.51 55.88 1.30 Pb 6646.6 52.45 126.72 Sb 2.11 0.27 7.81 Sn 0.67 1.44 0.47 W 28.27 3.08 9.18 Zn 51.58 118.92 0.43 注：衬值=几何平均值/矿区背景值
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表 3 大坪金矿矿石样品16种元素因子载荷矩阵
Table 3. Factor loading matrix of 16 elements in ore samples of the Daping gold deposit
元素 F1因子 F2因子 F3因子 Ag 0.260 −0.014 −0.008 As −0.037 0.330 −0.071 B −0.027 −0.156 0.001 Bi −0.019 0.342 −0.049 Co 0.011 −0.087 0.371 Cu 0.238 0.004 0.064 Hg −0.025 0.330 −0.080 Mn −0.172 0.023 0.327 Mo −0.079 0.053 −0.014 Ni −0.009 −0.054 0.411 Pb 0.254 0.002 −0.032 Sb 0.096 0.021 0.013 Sn −0.006 0.050 −0.073 W 0.012 −0.059 0.070 Zn 0.070 0.062 0.221 Au 0.235 −0.023 −0.063 特征值 3.908 3.131 1.964 方差贡献率 24.427 19.569 12.274 累计贡献率 24.427 43.996 56.270
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表 4 大坪金矿V8矿体各勘探线轴向分带序列
Table 4. Axial zoning sequences of exploration lines of V8 ore body in the Daping gold deposit
勘探线 原生晕分带序列 120，130 B-Mn-Mo（940标高）→Ag-Sn-Pb-Sb-W-Bi-Au（890标高）→
Ni-Co-Cu-Zn-Hg-As（840标高）→ —（790标高）→ —（740标高）130，140 Cu-Sb-Ag-Au-Pb-Mo-Co（940标高）→W-B-Sn（890标高）→
Ni-As-Mn（840标高）→Bi-Zn-Hg（790标高）→ —（740标高）140，150 Sb-Mo-Ag-Mn-Co（940标高）→Bi-W（890标高）→
As-Cu-Pb（840标高）→Hg-Ni（790标高）→B-Sn（740标高）150，160 —（940标高）→ —（890标高）→Cu-Zn-Ag-Au-B（840标高）→
Hg-As-Sn-Bi-Sb-W（790标高）→B-Sn（740标高）160，170 Au-Cu-W-Co（940标高）→Ni-As（890标高）→ —（840标高）→
Mn-Zn-Bi-Mo-Sn-Hg（790标高）→Ag-B-Sb-Pb（740标高）170，180 B-Sn-Co（940标高）→W-Bi-Mo-Hg（890标高）→As （840标高）→
Mn-Ni-Zn（790标高）→Ag-Au-Sb-Pb-Cu（740标高）180，190 B-W-Mn-Co（940标高）→As-Bi-Sb（890标高）→ —（840标高）→
Mo-Hg-Pb-Sn（790标高）→Ag-Zn-Ni-Cu（740标高）190，200 W-Sn-Sb-B-Mo（940标高）→As-Bi-Hg（890标高）→
Pb-Ag-Cu（840标高）→Mn-Co（790标高）→Zn-Ni（740标高）120，200 W-B-Sb-Mo（940标高）→Pb-Ag-Bi（890标高）→
Zn-As-Co（840标高）→Mn-Hg-Sn（790标高）→Ni-Cu-Au（740标高）注：“— ”代表该勘探线所处坑道由于封堵，坍塌未能取得样品
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