雪峰隆起带金矿床有机地球化学特征及成矿指示意义：以沃溪和万古金矿为例

陈海龙; 权永彬; 陈平波; 欧阳志强; 张威; 彭欢; 卜建才; 陈勇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240481

雪峰隆起带金矿床有机地球化学特征及成矿指示意义：以沃溪和万古金矿为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240481

陈海龙^1,,
权永彬^{2a, 2b, ,},
陈平波^{1, 2b},
欧阳志强¹,
张威¹,
彭欢³,
卜建才¹,
陈勇¹

1.
湖南省遥感地质调查监测所，长沙 410015
2a.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院
2b.
中国地质大学（武汉）构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室，武汉 430074；
3.
武汉新世纪科技有限公司，武汉 430074

基金项目: 湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目（2023-0145DZ）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈海龙：E-mail：444352037@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：quanyongbin@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.12
计量
- 文章访问数: 25
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-26
- 录用日期: 2025-04-28
- 修回日期: 2025-04-25
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-30

Organic geochemical characteristics and metallogenic indication of gold deposits in Xuefeng Uplift zone: A case study of Woxi and Wangu gold deposits

1.
Hunan Provincial Remote Sensing Geological Survey and Monitoring Institute, Changsha 410015, China
2a.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
2b.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China；
3.
Wuhan Xinshengji Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：444352037@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：quanyongbin@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
前期有机烃深部找矿实践表明，沃溪、万古金矿床深边部呈现的深源叠加异常，与其外围矿化体所展现的同生叠加异常，在深部找矿意义上存在显著差异。为进一步探索两者在Au与有机质的成矿成晕机理方面的不同，本研究聚焦于雪峰隆起带大中型金矿床（沃溪和万古）和外围矿化体（浅表金矿化良好但深部矿化较差），综合运用岩石热解分析（rock-eval）、氯仿沥青“A”抽提及族组份分离定量、饱和烃气相色谱−质谱分析、流体包裹体及C-H-O-S稳定同位素示踪等方法和手段，针对成矿地质特征、有机地球化学特征、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征等方面展开对比研究，进而探讨两者Au−有机质的成矿成晕机理。研究结果表明：①大中型金矿床与外围矿化体成矿地质特征不同。前者经历区域变质热液充填交代作用和后期深源流体叠加成矿过程；后者只经历区域变质热液的充填交代成矿过程。②两者都存有吸附型有机质，且有机质来源与原始沉积环境具有相似性。然而，大中型金矿床w（TOC）明显高于外围矿化体50%以上，同时有机质的氧指数、烃指数分别低于矿化体10倍以及3～8倍等，这说明大中型金矿床有机质的丰度和成熟度更高。③C-H-O-S稳定同位素示踪表明，大中型金矿床成矿物质来自地幔，成矿流体来自幔源流体多层次演化混合而成的“深源流体”；外围矿化体成矿物质仅来自含矿地层，其成矿流体来自地壳浅表流体混合而成的“浅源流体”，这体现出两者成矿流体动力学机制和混合机制上的差异，进而导致成矿地质意义不同。④两者成矿流体中有机质来源不同。大中型金矿床除吸附型有机质外，还存在“深源流体”带来的“增量”有机质叠加；外围矿化体仅存在吸附型有机质。这可能是大中型金矿床TOC明显高于外围矿化体的主要原因。⑤两者Au与有机质的成矿成晕机理不同。大中型金矿床中，幔源流体携带的Au主要以Au（CH₃）^2＋、[Au（CH₂NH₂COO）]^2＋等有机络合物或螯合物结合方式为主，且有液态和气态2种迁移模式；外围矿化体中，浅源流体Au与有机质以物理吸附结合方式为主，失去了Au形成有机络合或螯合的地球化学意义。这一差异表现为大中型金矿床不同载体（矿体及上覆岩层或土壤）中有机烃类异常强度较强，Au与有机烃相关性良好；外围矿化体中不同载体中，有机烃类异常强度相对较弱，Au与有机烃相关性较差。这一结论与前期有机烃深部找矿实践提出的 “深源流体成矿−成矿物质来自深源−Au与有机烃相关性良好−深源叠加异常−深部找矿潜力较大”以及“浅源流体成矿−成矿物质仅来自地层−Au与有机烃相关性较差−同生叠加异常−深部找矿潜力较差”的认识高度契合。本研究可为勘查地球化学深部找矿潜力评价提供新的研究思路和方向。
- 有机质 /
- 地球化学 /
- 成矿机理 /
- 矿化体 /
- 金矿床 /
- 雪峰隆起带 /
- 湖南
Abstract: Objective
Previous prospecting practices for deep-seated ore deposits utilizing organic hydrocarbons revealed significant differences in the metallogenic implications between deep-source superimposed anomalies observed in the deep margins of the Woxi and Wangu gold deposits and syngenetic superimposed anomalies identified in peripheral mineralized bodies. To further investigate the distinct mechanisms of Au-organic matter mineralization and halo formation between these two types,
Methods
this study focused on large-to-medium gold deposits (Woxi and Wangu) in the Xuefeng Uplift Belt and their peripheral mineralized bodies (exhibiting favorable shallow gold mineralization but poor deep mineralization). A comprehensive suite of analytical methods was employed, including Rock-Eval pyrolysis, chloroform asphalt "A" extraction and component separation, saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), fluid inclusion analysis, and C-H-O-S stable isotope tracing. Comparative investigations were conducted on their metallogenic geological characteristics, organic geochemical signatures, fluid inclusion properties, and isotopic geochemical features to elucidate the Au-organic matter mineralization and halo-forming mechanisms.
Results
The results indicate that: (1) Large-to-medium gold deposits and peripheral mineralized bodies differ in metallogenic geological characteristics. The former underwent regional metamorphic hydrothermal filling-metasomatism followed by superimposed mineralization from deep-source fluids, while the latter experienced only regional metamorphic hydrothermal filling-metasomatism. (2) Both deposit types contain adsorbed organic matter derived from similar sources and paleo-depositional environments. However, total organic carbon (TOC) content in large-to-medium deposits exceeds that of peripheral mineralized bodies by over 50%, with oxygen and hydrocarbon indices being 10-fold lower and 3 to 8-fold lower, respectively, indicating higher organic matter abundance and maturity in large-to-medium deposits. (3) C-H-O-S stable isotope tracing demonstrates that metallogenic materials in large-to-medium deposits originated from the mantle, with ore-forming fluids derived from multi-stage evolutionary mixing of mantle-derived "deep-source fluids." In contrast, peripheral mineralized bodies sourced metallogenic materials solely from ore-bearing strata, with ore-forming fluids originating from shallow crustal "shallow-source fluids," reflecting differences in fluid dynamic and mixing mechanisms that led to distinct metallogenic implications. (4) The sources of organic matter in ore-forming fluids differ. Large-to-medium deposits exhibit superimposed "incremental" organic matter introduced by deep-source fluids alongside adsorbed organic matter, whereas peripheral mineralized bodies contain only adsorbed organic matter, explaining the significantly higher TOC in the former. (5) The Au-organic matter mineralization and halo-forming mechanisms diverge. In large-to-medium deposits, Au transported by mantle-derived fluids predominantly exists as organic complexes/chelates (e.g., Au(CH₃)²⁺, [Au(CH₂NH₂COO)]²⁺) via liquid-phase and gas-phase migration. In peripheral mineralized bodies, Au in shallow-source fluids primarily combines with organic matter through physical adsorption, lacking geochemical significance for organic complexation/chelation. This contrast manifests as stronger organic hydrocarbon anomalies and robust Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations in large-to-medium deposit carriers (ore bodies, overlying strata, or soils), versus weaker anomalies and poor correlations in peripheral mineralized bodies. These findings align with prior prospecting observations: "deep-source fluid mineralization-deep-derived metallogenic materials-strong Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations-deep-source superimposed anomalies-high deep prospecting potential" versus "shallow-source fluid mineralization-strata-limited metallogenic materials-weak Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations-syngenetic superimposed anomalies-limited deep prospecting potential."
Conclusion
This study provides novel insights and directions for evaluating deep prospecting potential in exploration geochemistry.
- Organic matter /
- biological origin /
- inorganic origin /
- metallogenic mechanism /
- gold deposit /
- Xuefeng uplift zone /
- Hunan

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图 1 湖南雪峰隆起带地质图（据文献[18]修改）

1. 第四系；2. 白垩系至古近系；3. 上三叠统至侏罗系；4. 泥盆系至中三叠统；5. 南华系至志留系；6. 青白口系板溪群；7. 青白口系冷家溪群；8. 晚白垩世黑云母二长花岗岩；9. 早白垩世二长花岗岩；10. 晚侏罗世二长花岗岩；11. 中侏罗世二长花岗岩；12. 中侏罗世黑云母花岗闪长岩；13. 中侏罗世黑云母石英闪长岩；14. 晚三叠世二长花岗岩；15. 中三叠世二长花岗岩；16. 中三叠世黑云母花岗闪长岩；17. 中三叠世黑云母石英闪长岩；18. 中志留世黑云母二长花岗岩；19. 中志留世黑云母花岗闪长岩；20. 早志留世二长花岗岩；21. 早志留世黑云母花岗闪长岩；22. 早志留世黑云母英云闪长岩；23. 早志留世石英闪长岩；24. 青白口系二长花岗岩；25. 青白口系黑云母花岗闪长岩；26. 青白口系黑云母英云闪长岩；27. 主要断裂带；28. 大中小型金矿床；29. 砂金矿床/伴生金矿床；30. 雪峰隆起边界线；31. 黏土；32. 砂砾岩；33. 泥岩；34. 长石砾岩；35. 砂岩；36. 砾岩；37. 石英砂岩；38. 煤线；39. 灰岩；40. 页岩；41. 白云岩；42. 含硅质碳质板岩；43. 泥灰岩；44. 碳质板岩；45. 硅质岩；46. 冰碛砾岩；47. 含锰板岩；48. 含砾砂岩；49. 凝灰质板岩；50. 粉砂质板岩；51. 含粉砂质钙质板岩；52. 绢云母板岩

Figure 1. Geological map of Xuefeng uplift zone in Hunan

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图 2 大中型金矿床和外围矿化体储层微观及手标本特征

a，b. 大中型金矿床石英脉正交偏光；c，d. 外围矿化体石英脉正交偏光；e，f. 大中型金矿床石英脉标本；g，h. 外围矿化体石英脉标本；Py. 黄铁矿；Qtz. 石英；Dol. 白云石；下同

Figure 2. Microscopic and Hand Specimen Characteristics of Large and Medium-Sized Gold Deposits and Peripheral Mineralized Bodies

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图 3 大中型金矿床和外围矿化体矿石中有机质包裹体特征

a，b. 大中型金矿床石英−Au−硫化物阶段流体包裹体；c，d. 大中型金矿床石英−Au−碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体；e，f. 外围矿化体石英−Au−硫化物阶段流体包裹体；g，h. 外围矿化体石英−Au−碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体；i. 赋矿围岩石英石矿物中流体包裹体；V. 气相；L. 液相；AS. 固体沥青包裹体；Cal. 方解石；下同

Figure 3. Features of organic matter inclusions in large and medium-sized gold deposits and peripheral mineralized ores

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图 4 万古金矿床饱和烃总离子流(TIC)(a)、m/z85(b)、m/z191(c)、m/z217(d)质量色谱图

Pr. 姥鲛烷；Ph. 植烷；C15～32. 主峰碳数；下同

Figure 4. Total ion current (TIC) (a), m/z85 (b), m/z191 (c), m/z217 (d) mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons in the Wangu gold deposit

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图 5 万古外围矿化体饱和烃总离子流(TIC)(a)、m/z85(b)、m/z191(c)、m/z217(d)质量色谱图

Figure 5. Total ion current (TIC) (a), m/z85 (b), m/z191 (c), m/z217 (d) mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons in the peripheral mineralbodies of Wangu gold deposit

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图 6 沃溪金矿床饱和烃总离子流(TIC)(a)、m/z85(b)、m/z191(c)、m/z217(d)质量色谱图

Figure 6. Total ion current (TIC) (a), m/z85 (b), m/z191 (c), m/z217 (d) mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons in the Woxi gold deposit

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图 7 沃溪外围矿化体饱和烃总离子流(TIC)(a)、m/z85(b)、m/z191(c)、m/z217(d)质量色谱图

Figure 7. Total ion current (TIC) (a), m/z85 (b), m/z191 (c), m/z217 (d) mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons in the peripheral mineralbodies of Woxi gold deposit

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图 8 大中金矿床和外围矿化体及赋矿围岩中石英流体包裹体拉曼光谱图

a，b，c. 大中型金矿床石英流体包裹体；d，e，f. 外围矿化体石英流体包裹体；g，h. 赋矿围岩石英流体包裹体

Figure 8. LAM spectra of quartz fluid inclusions in large and medium-sized gold deposits, peripheral mineralized bodies, and host rocks

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图 9 雪峰隆起带金矿体和矿化体石英脉H-O同位素图解

Figure 9. H-O isotope diagram of gold and mineralized quartz veins in the Xuefeng uplift zone

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图 10 雪峰隆起带石英脉型金矿床成矿晚期碳酸盐脉δ¹³C_PDB-δ¹⁸O_SMOW图

Figure 10. δ¹³C_PDB-δ¹⁸O_SMOW map of carbonate vein in late mineralization of quartz vein type gold deposit in Xuefeng uplift zone

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图 11 雪峰隆起带石英脉型金矿床碳同位素组成

Figure 11. Carbon isotope composition of quartz vein type gold deposit in Xuefeng uplift zone

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图 12 有机质与Au形成气相

Figure 12. Organic matter forms a gas phase with Au

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表 1 不同地质体Rock-Eval分析结果及统计表

Table 1. Rock-Eval results and statistical tables of organic matter in different geologic bodies

样号编号	样品类型	T_max	S₁/(mg·g⁻¹)	S₂/(mg·g⁻¹)	S₃/(mg·g⁻¹)	S₄co₂/(mg·g⁻¹)	w(RC)/%	w(TOC)/%	S₂/S₃	I_HC	OI/%
WG-1	金矿石	/	0.014	0.00	0.05	54.29	1.70	1.71	0.00	0.008	3
WX-1	金矿石	/	0.044	0.01	0.13	49.74	1.60	1.62	0.09	0.035	8
WG-2	蚀变岩	/	0.019	0.02	0.23	45.46	1.52	1.54	0.04	0.042	15
WX-2	蚀变岩	/	0.045	0.01	0.16	18.59	0.67	0.68	0.03	0.062	24
WG-3	砂质板岩	/	0.047	0.01	0.23	48.41	1.54	1.57	0.09	0.034	15
WX-3	含钙板岩	/	0.036	0.02	0.14	46.51	1.44	1.46	0.11	0.040	10
WU-4	矿化体	/	0.040	0.01	0.36	12.74	0.44	0.47	0.08	0.072	77
WX-4	矿化体	/	0.024	0.00	0.19	27.44	0.83	0.85	0.06	0.055	22
WG-5	蚀变岩	322	0.027	0.03	0.35	24.15	0.83	0.87	0.14	0.066	40
WX-5	蚀变岩	/	0.032	0.01	0.07	33.41	1.09	1.11	0.00	0.041	6
WG-6	砂质板岩	/	0.038	0.01	0.09	25.31	0.79	0.80	0.14	0.036	11
WX-6	含钙板岩	/	0.024	0.00	0.10	12.62	0.41	0.42	0	0.057	24
注：样品编号WG（万古金矿），WX（沃溪金矿）；S₁为可溶烃量；S₂为热解烃量；S₃为有机一氧化碳与二氧化碳量；S₄为热解过程结束后，在纯氧/大气环境中分析残余碳含量；RC为残余碳；TOC为总有效碳=（S₁+S₂）0.083+RC；S₂/S₃为类型指示；I_HC（烃指数）=S₁/w（TOC）；OI（氧指数）=100S₃/w（TOC）；下同

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表 2 不同地质体有机质族组分分析结果计算表

Table 2. Calculation table of the analysis results of organic matter groups in different geological bodies

样品编号	样品类型	氯仿沥青“A”/%	族组分/%				总烃均值/%	非+沥均值/%
样品编号	样品类型	氯仿沥青“A”/%	饱和烃	芳烃	非烃	沥青质	总烃均值/%	非+沥均值/%
WG-1	金矿石	0.001	41.6	25.0	8.3	16.7	63.3	31.7
WX-1	金矿石	0.005	41.0	17.9	17.9	20.5
WG-2	蚀变岩	0.004	50.0	25.0	12.5	6.3
WX-2	蚀变岩	0.003	42.1	10.5	23.7	21.1
WG-3	砂质板岩	0.004	34.7	8.7	23.9	30.4	35.4	62.0
WX-3	含钙板岩	0.004	21.2	6.1	48.5	21.2	35.4	62.0
WG-4	矿化体	0.002	20.0	5.7	57.1	8.6	49.1	44.9
WX-4	矿化体	0.005	38.9	27.8	22.2	5.6
WG-5	蚀变岩	0.003	35.0	15.0	15.0	30.0
WX-5	蚀变岩	0.004	41.7	12.5	12.5	29.2
WG-6	砂质板岩	0.002	33.3	19.4	16.6	22.2	53.3	40.6
WX-6	含钙板岩	0.002	23.1	30.8	19.2	23.1	53.3	40.6

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表 3 不同地质体可溶有机质色−质谱检测结果

Table 3. Results of color-mass spectrometry of soluble organic matter in different geologica bodies

样品编号	样品类型	主峰碳数	∑nC₂₁-/∑nC₂₂+	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/(nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	Pr/Ph
WX-6	砂质板岩	nC16	0.67	1.12	0.67	0.29	1.03
WX-3	砂质板岩	nC16	1.11	1.08	1.36	0.81	1.26
WG-3	砂质板岩	nC18	0.80	1.23	0.86	0.41	0.87
WG-6	砂质板岩	nC22	0.74	10.00	0.53	0.64	0.46
WX-5	蚀变岩	nC25	0.34	2.11	1.23	0.75	0.75
WX-7	蚀变岩	nC22	0.48	1.64	1.01	0.73	0.41
WG-2	蚀变岩	nC18	1.27	1.63	0.50	0.39	0.64
WG-7	蚀变岩	nC18	0.88	2.66	0.83	0.78	0.41
WX-4	矿化体	nC21	0.43	1.53	0.69	0.78	0.41
WG-4	矿化体	nC18	0.92	2.63	0.20	0.27	0.53
WX-1	金矿石	nC16	0.92	1.37	0.89	1.16	0.81
WG-1	金矿石	nC23	0.29	1.28	0.50	0.48	0.60

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表 4 不同地质体可溶有机成熟度指标计算结果

Table 4. Calculation results of soluble organic maturity indexes of different geological bodies

指标参数		万古金矿				沃溪金矿
指标参数		金矿石	砂质板岩	矿化体	砂质板岩	金矿石	含钙板岩	矿化体	含钙板岩
藿烷化合物	T_m/T_s	1.21	1.11	1.00	0.87	1.11	1.20	1.07	0.99
	C₃₁=22S/(22S+22R)	0.57	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.58	0.61	0.57	0.58
	C₃₂=22S/(22S+22R)	0.61	0.59	0.57	0.59	0.60	0.57	0.59	0.60
	C₃₃=22S/(22S+22R)	0.64	0.55	0.52	0.64	0.64		0.17	0.61
	C₃₄=22S/(22S+22R)	0.61	0.61	0.56	0.60	0.61		0.62	0.60
	C₃₅=22S/(22S+22R)	0.64		0.93	0.65	0.60		0.96	0.75
甾类化合物	C₂₇=20S/(20S+20R)	0.53	0.52	0.55	0.51	0.49	0.56	0.52	0.52
	C₂₈=20S/(20S+20R)	0.43	0.42	0.46	0.41	0.42	0.39	0.40	0.42
	C₂₉=20S/(20S+20R)	0.49	0.45	0.44	0.44	0.46	0.45	0.45	0.46

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表 5 雪峰隆区金矿床和外围矿化体主成矿期石英流体包裹体测温及H-O同位素组成

Table 5. Thermometry and H-O isotopic composition of fluid inclusions in gold deposit and peripheral mineralized bodies during the main mineralisation period in the Xuefeng uplift district

矿区	样品性质(样数)	均一温度/℃	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW‰	δD_V-SMOW ‰(均值)	$ \delta^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}} $‰(均值)
万古金矿	金矿体石英(1)	227	17.95	−63.2	7.99
	矿化体石英(1)	135.1	17.69	−66.2	−4.26
	金矿体石英(1)	227	18.41	−57.1	8.99
	金矿体石英(1)	227	17.63	−68.1	7.67
沃溪金矿	矿化体石英(1)	159.6	18.61	−56.4	1.94
	金矿体石英(1)	202	18.02	−57.9	6.34
	金矿体石英(1)	202	16.98	−55.8	5.3
	金矿体石英(1)	202	17.36	−66.1	5.68
	矿化体石英(1)	188.9	15.43	−74.6	2.55
注：表中$ \delta^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}} $值是根据张理刚^[34]石英−水同位素平衡方程：δ¹⁸O石英-$ \delta^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}} $≈3.38×10⁶/T²-3.4计算值

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表 6 金矿床和矿化体矿石中S同位素测定结果

Table 6. Results of S isotope measurements in gold deposits and mineralized ores

矿床名称	样品性质	测定矿物(样数)	δ³⁴ S_CDT/‰		资料来源
矿床名称	样品性质	测定矿物(样数)	均值	变化范围	资料来源
万古冷家溪群	含矿地层	黄铁矿(4)	−11.1	−10.4～−13.1	毛景文等^[25] 彭南海^[28]
沃溪马底驿组	含矿地层	黄铁矿(3)	−7.7	−10.6～−5.5
沃溪冷家溪群	含矿地层	黄铁矿(4)	+18.5	+12.6～+23.5
万古金矿	矿化体	黄铜矿	−2.45		本研究实测
	矿化体	黄铜矿	−2.68
	金矿体	毒砂	−5.73
		黄铁矿	−2.45
		黄铁矿	−7.44
沃溪金矿	矿化体	黄铁矿	−11.66
	矿化体	黄铁矿	+18.89
	金矿体	黄铁矿	−0.59
		黄铁矿	−2.61
		黄铁矿	+2.36

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表 7 沃溪、万古金矿床和外围矿化体成矿流体中C的同位素估算结果

Table 7. Isotope estimation results of C in ore-forming fluids of Woxi, Wangu gold deposits and peripheral mineralized bodies

矿区	样品性质	矿物	δ¹³C_V-PDB	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB	均一温度（℃）	δ¹⁸O_v-smow	$\delta^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} $
万古金矿	金矿体石英	方解石	−8.08	−13.93	175.3	16.5	−68.7
	矿化体石英	方解石	−6.52	−14.14	135.1	16.3	−127.9
	金矿体石英	白云石	−5.93	−12.06	183.3	18.4	−59.4
沃溪金矿	矿化体石英	白云石	−5.67	−13.57	159.1	16.9	−84.9
	金矿体石英	白云石	−5.58	−13.13	189.6	17.3	−54.0
	金矿体石英	白云石	−5.32	−12.91	196.5	17.6	−48.9
	矿化体石英	白云石	−4.85	−13.46	157	17.0	−86.9

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