裂谷盆地弧形断层成因机理与控油作用：以渤海海域盆地为例

任健; 苏凯; 吴庆勋; 王军; 陈少伟

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240405

裂谷盆地弧形断层成因机理与控油作用：以渤海海域盆地为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240405

中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司渤海石油研究院，天津 300452

基金项目: 中国海洋石油有限公司综合科研项目“渤海大中型天然气田形成条件、富集规律与勘探方向研究”（KJZH-2024-2107）；国家科技重大专项专题“南黄海盆地与中上扬子成盆−成烃条件差异及潜在富生烃凹陷优选”（2025ZD1402801-04）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：renjian5@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: P542；TE121.2
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- 文章访问数: 36
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-25
- 录用日期: 2025-06-30
- 修回日期: 2025-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-25

Genetic mechanism and oil-controlling effect of curved faults in rift basins: A case study of the Bohai Sea area basins

Research Institute of Bohai Oil Field, CNOOC Tianjin Branch Company, Tianjin 300452, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail：renjian5@cnooc.com.cn

摘要

摘要:
渤海弧形断层数量多、分布广，控制构造圈闭的发育，但长期以来弧形断层成因机理未系统梳理，其对油气成藏的影响尚未明确，制约油气勘探。基于三维地震资料、断层断距分析、有限元应力模拟等手段，对渤海海域弧形断层的发育机理以及控藏特点进行了深入研究，结果表明：渤海弧形断层主要包括侧向牵引型、走向连接型、斜向伸展型和走滑旋扭型4种主要类型，侧向牵引型弧顶断距最大，斜向伸展型弧顶断距最小，而走向连接型弧顶侧翼断距最小；弧形断层弧顶位置差应力大，促进了储层微裂缝的发育，改善了储层品质；弧形断层通常为自运自封断层，自运自封能力大小与正断层上盘地层倾角、构造圈闭等高线与弧形断层夹角以及弧形断层曲率相关，弧形断层自运自封能力越强越容易成藏。研究明确了渤海弧形断层的发育机理及其对油气成藏的控制作用，可为油气勘探提供指导。
- 弧形断层 /
- 成因机理 /
- 储层改善 /
- 自运自封 /
- 渤海海域
Abstract: Objective
There are numerous and widely distributed curved faults in the Bohai Sea, which control the development of structural traps. However, for a long time, the genetic mechanism of curved faults has not been systematically sorted out, and their impact on hydrocarbon accumulation has not been clarified, which restricts hydrocarbon exploration.
Methods
Based on 3D seismic data, fault displacement analysis, finite element stress simulation, and other methods, an in-depth study was conducted on the development mechanism and reservoir-controlling characteristics of the curved faults in the Bohai Sea.
Results
The results showed that the curved faults mainly included four types: lateral traction type, strike-connected type, oblique extensional type, and strike-slip rotating type. The lateral traction type had the largest fault displacement on the top of the arc, the oblique extensional type had the smallest fault displacement on the top of the arc, whereas the strike-connected type had the smallest fault displacement on the flank of the arc top. The large differential stress at the top of the curved faults promoted the development of microfractures and improved reservoir quality. The curved faults were usually self-migration and self-sealing faults, and the self-migration and self-sealing ability was related to the dip angle of the foot-wall strata of normal faults, the angle between the structural trap contours and the curved faults, and the curvature of the curved faults. The stronger the self-migration and self-sealing ability of the curved faults, the easier it was to form reservoirs.
Conclusion
This study clarifies the development mechanism of the curved faults in the Bohai Sea and their impact on hydrocarbon accumulation, providing important guidance for hydrocarbon exploration.
- curved faults /
- genetic mechanism /
- reservoir improvement /
- self-migration and self-sealing /
- Bohai Sea area

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图 1 渤海海域主要断裂及构造单元划分

Figure 1. Main faults and tectonic unit division in Bohai Sea area

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图 2 研究区侧向牵引型弧形断层发育机制模式

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of development mechanism of lateral traction type curved faults in the study area

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图 3 蓬莱7-6构造区弧形断层平面展布(a)及断距分布(b)

Figure 3. Plane distribution (a) and fault displacement distribution (b) of curved faults in Penglai 7-6 structural area

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图 4 研究区斜向伸展型弧形断层发育机制模式

a. 斜向拉伸构造作用机制^[30]，晚期拉伸方向与先存断层走向夹角越大，断层伸展分量越高，反之走滑分量越高；b. 侧向牵引型弧形断层发育过程与模式，先存断层的形成于伸展−走滑作用相关，晚期受到斜向拉伸作用

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of development mechanism of oblique extensional type curved faults in the study area

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图 5 蓬莱9-2构造区弧形断层平面展布(a)及断距分布(b)

Figure 5. Plane distribution (a) and fault displacement distribution (b) of curved faults in Penglai 9-2 structural area

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图 6 研究区走向连接型(a)及走滑旋钮型(b)弧形断层发育机制模式

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of development mechanism of strike-connected (a) and strike-slip rotating (b) type curved faults in the study area

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图 7 秦皇岛31-4构造区弧形断层平面展布(a)及断距分布(b)

Figure 7. Plane distribution (a) and fault displacement distribution (b) of curved faults in Qinhuangdao 31-4 structural area

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图 8 辽东湾地区辽中凹陷弧形断层群示意图（1000 ms三维地震相干切片）

Figure 8. Curved fault group in Liaozhong Depression, Liaodong Bay area (3D seismic coherence slice at 1000 ms)

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图 9 蓬莱7-6 (a)与蓬莱9-2 (b)构造区弧形断层现代应力场差应力模拟

Figure 9. Differential stress simulation of curved faults in Penglai 7-6 (a) and Penglai 9-2 (b) structural areas

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图 10 蓬莱7-6 (a)与蓬莱9-2 (b)构造区弧形断层弧顶区域与非弧顶区域储层孔隙度对比

Figure 10. Comparison of reservoir porosity between arc-crest and non-arc-crest regions of curved faults in Penglai 7-6 (a) and Penglai 9-2 (b) structural areas

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图 11 弧形断层自运自封模式图（δ. 弧形正断层上盘封堵地层倾角）

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of self-migration and self-sealing of curved faults

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图 12 弧形断裂控制下的不同圈闭形态与油气的运聚方向（β. 等高线与断层夹角）

Figure 12. Different trap shapes and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation directions under control of curved faults

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表 1 渤海海域不同成因机制弧形断层特征对比

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of curved faults with different genetic mechanisms in Bohai Sea area

构造类型	侧向牵引型	斜向伸展型	走向连接型	走滑旋扭型
应力机制	伸展及其派生走滑	伸展及其派生走滑	伸展	走滑及其派生伸展与挤压
规模	中等到小	中等到大	中等到大	大
成因	伸展导致的断层快速横向扩张	先存断裂斜向伸展	伸展断层分段生长、连接	主断裂走滑导致的次级断裂旋转
弧数量	单条、单弧	多条、单弧	单条、多弧	多条、单弧
断距分布	弧顶断距大	弧顶断距小	弧侧断距小	无明显特征
其他特征	多圈闭高点、断面脊明显	分为高走滑分量段和高伸展分量段	存在废弃发育断裂	具有旋转规律
实例	蓬莱7-6构造区北部	蓬莱9-2构造区	秦皇岛31-4构造区	辽中1号、辽中2号侧接区
模式图

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