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摘要:
成矿“末端效应”作为矿田地质力学、矿床学研究的前缘内容，受到越来越多的专家学者关注，其研究内容主要包括成矿构造“末端效应”和成矿流体“末端效应”2个方面：前者以矿田地质力学构造精细解析为基础，结合构造−（蚀变）岩相学填图技术、构造地球化学填图、地球物理探测技术，研究不同构造背景下多尺度控矿构造的“末端效应”及其对矿田、矿床、矿体（群）的控制作用，进而研究控矿构造“末端”的构造类型、力学性质、成矿构造体系及其控岩控矿规律、矿床（体）的定位机理等；后者开展流体包裹体和同位素/微量元素地球化学等研究，不仅可以反映成矿流体特征，同时结合成矿流体“末端”的分带效应研究，可以精细刻画成矿流体“末端”的时空演化过程，揭示构造物理化学条件对成矿作用的制约。从成矿构造和成矿流体两者“末端”的耦合关系角度出发，将矿田构造学、矿床学、流体地球化学、地球物理勘探技术紧密结合，可以深化研究构造“末端效应”的控岩控矿机制及构造−流体耦合成矿的成生联系，为深部找矿预测提供依据。
Abstract:Objective/Significance As a front issue in the study of deposit geology and field geomechanics, the “end effect” of ore formation has attracted more and more attention from experts and scholars.
Analysis/Discussion/Progress The research content of the “end effect” of ore formation mainly include the “end effect” of ore-forming structures and that of ore-forming fluids: for the former, the “end effect” of multi-scale ore-controlling structures in different tectonic settings and their role in controlling ore fields and ore deposits (bodies), especially the structural types, mechanical properties, and rock- and ore-controlling mechanisms of the “end” of deposit-level ore-controlling structures, the trapping effect of ore-forming fluids, and the location mechanism of ore deposits (bodies), are studied basis of the structural analysis of geomechanics of ore fields and in combination with structural(alteration) lithofacies mapping technique and geophysical probing technique; as for the latter, the characteristics of ore-forming fluids can be reflected through the study of fluid inclusions and isotopes/ Trace element geochemistry and the temporal and spatial evolution process of the “end” of ore-forming fluids can be finely depicted through the study of the zoning effect of the “end” of ore-forming fluids, thus revealing the limitation of the physicochemical conditions of structures on ore-forming process.
Conclusion/Prospect From the perspective of the coupling relationship between the “ends” of ore-forming structures and ore-forming fluids, an in-depth study of the rock and ore-controlling mechanisms under the “end effect” of structures and the genetic relation of structure-fluid coupled ore formation can be made by closely combining the study of deposit geology and fluid geochemistry, structural analysis of ore fields, and geophysical prospecting technique, thus providing a basis for the prediction for deep ore prospecting.
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图 2 矿田尺度构造型式(a～c)，矿床尺度构造型式(d～f)，矿体（群）尺度构造型式(g～i)[24]
Figure 2. Ore feld scale (a-c), deposit scale (d-f) and orebody group scale (g-i) ore-control/ore-forming structure association styles
图 3 川滇黔接壤区构造变形期次及其演化图[10]
Figure 3. Tectonic deformation stages and their evolution in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou triangular area
图 4 云南会泽富锗铅锌矿区分级控矿模式图[29]
Figure 4. The classification control mode of the Huize Germanium-rich Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Provience
图 6 大梁子铅锌矿床F15断裂素描图
Figure 6. The sketch drawing of fracture F15 in the Daliangzi lead-zinc deposit
图 7 热液矿床隐伏矿定位预测“四步式”找矿方法简图[41]
Figure 7. Flow chart of the ‘Four steps type’ exploration method for concealed orebodies in hydrothermal-type deposits
图 9 地球物理构造“末端”探测技术路线图[2]
Figure 9. Geophysical the end of ore-forming structures exploration technology road map
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