地质岩心钻孔轨迹控制技术研究进展

潘德元; 熊亮; 王杰; 蔡隽

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240373

地质岩心钻孔轨迹控制技术研究进展

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240373

潘德元^1,,
熊亮^2, ,,
王杰¹,
蔡隽¹

1 .
中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心，长沙 410600
2 .
中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局，广州 517000

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（DD20240012）；国家重点研发计划（2021YFB3401400）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘德元：E-mail：pandyice@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：36.8du@126.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 452
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-05
- 录用日期: 2024-09-30
- 修回日期: 2024-09-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-02-26

Research progress on trajectory control technology for geological core drilling

PAN Deyuan^1
,,
XIONG Liang^{2
, ,},
WANG Jie¹,
CAI Jun¹

1 .
Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China
2 .
Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 517000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：pandyice@163.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：36.8du@126.com

摘要

摘要:
地质岩心钻探是地质勘查的重要技术手段之一，其中钻孔的实钻轨迹是钻孔质量的重要参数，不仅影响着钻探施工时的孔内安全，也关系着地质勘查的质量和精度。地质岩心钻探中具有钻孔直径小、管柱强度低、要求连续地质取心等限制条件，导致地质岩心钻孔轨迹控制难度大。通过系统梳理地质岩心钻孔的轨迹控制方法，对其进行了分类和归纳整理。主要为以下几个方面：初级定向孔技术以完成目的层取心为首要目的，分析了钻孔倾角、方位、位移等参数的设计方法和随深度变化情况，明确了该技术的适用条件和缺点，为初级定向孔技术在500 m以浅钻孔施工使用提供了思路，同时指出深孔应配合其他措施使用；围绕地质钻探满眼钻具技术，分析了常规绳索取心满眼钻具和大口径绳索取心满眼钻具的使用情况，提出了绳索取心满眼钻具管柱力学理论；围绕受控定向钻进技术，分析了在钻孔纠斜和侧钻绕障方面的应用，指出了不同方法的优缺点，表明小口径井底动力钻具优势明显，但是受地质取心工艺要求的影响，在地质钻探中具有较多限制。通过对地质岩心钻孔轨迹控制技术现状的回顾和分析，明确了影响钻孔轨迹的关键因素以及控制钻孔轨迹的多种技术，可为提高地质钻探的勘查精度提供有益参考和研究思路。
- 地质钻探 /
- 钻孔轨迹控制 /
- 初级定向孔 /
- 满眼钻具 /
- 受控定向钻进
Abstract: <p>Geological core drilling serves as a critical technical method in geological exploration, with borehole trajectory being a key factor in assessing drilling quality. The borehole trajectory not only impacts borehole safety during construction but also directly influences the accuracy and reliability of geological exploration outcomes. However, challenges such as small diameters, low pipe strength, and continuous coring requirements of the borehole significantly complicate trajectory control. </p></sec><sec><title>Methods
By analyzing the characteristics of geological core drilling, we systematically classify and summarize methodologies for trajectory control.
Conclusion
The following results are obtained: First, the primary objective of primary directional boreholes is to obtain the core of the target layer. Design methods for parameters such as inclination angle, orientation, and displacement alongside their depth-dependent variations were analyzed. The applicable conditions and drawbacks were clarified, providing ideas for the use of primary directional boreholes in drilling construction of depths less than 500 meters. It was pointed out that deep boreholes should be used in conjunction with other measures. Second, in terms of packed hole assemblies for geological drilling, we analyzed the use of conventional hole assemblies and large-diameter hole assemblies, and proposed the mechanical theory of the wire coring string with packed hole assembly. Third, regarding controlled directional drilling technology, we analyzed its application in drilling deviation correction and lateral drilling obstacle avoidance. We pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, indicating that small-diameter bottomhole power drilling tools have obvious advantages. However, due to the requirements of geological coring technology, they have many limitations in geological core drilling.
Objective
This study reviews the status of geological core drilling trajectory control technologies, identifies key influencing factors, and evaluates various control techniques to enhance exploration precision.
- geological core drilling /
- drilling trajectory control /
- primary directional borehole /
- packed hole assemble /
- controlled directional drilling

HTML全文

图 1 初级定向孔原理

①为按照设计开孔角度钻进但受地层自然弯曲影响的轨迹；②为钻孔设计见矿轨迹；③为根据地层自然弯曲规律调整开孔角度后的钻进轨迹；④根据地层自然弯曲规律调整开孔位置后的钻进轨迹。可见轨迹①偏离设计位置较大距离，导致控制矿脉的长度缩短，勘查精度降低；轨迹③④见矿位置满足勘探要求

Figure 1. Principle of primary directional borehole

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图 2 钻杆接头磨损情况

Figure 2. Wear condition of drill pipe joint

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图 3 绳索取心钻头及下扩孔器

Figure 3. Rope core drilling bit and lower reamer

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图 4 绳索取心钻杆扶正器^[43]

Figure 4. Rope coring drill pipe centralizer

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图 5 大口径加重管绳索取心钻具^[44-45]

Figure 5. Large caliber weighted pipe rope core drilling tool

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图 6 绳索取心满眼钻具组合结构

Figure 6. Packed hole assemble of wire-line core

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