Characteristics，disaster mechanism，prevention and treatment and enlightenment of airport high fill landslide in mountainous area：Taking Panzhihua Airport as an example
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摘要:
由于特殊的工程地质环境条件，山区机场修建产生了大量的高填方边坡工程，其面临的最大问题为运营阶段高填方边坡变形控制与长期稳定。以攀枝花机场为例，在系统回顾建设期及运营期地质灾害史的基础上，详述了运营期3处典型高填方滑坡发育特征。采用工程地质勘察结合现场岩土试验分析了高填方滑坡成因及演化机理，提出了控滑关键技术。结果表明，有利于地表水汇集的地形地貌和有利于降雨入渗特殊的上软下硬单向顺坡缓倾坡体结构是其产生的内因。降雨集中且短时暴雨多发，地下水丰富且容易富集于相对隔水层是其产生的诱发因素；攀枝花机场高填方边坡失稳演化机制可以概括为：强降雨长期入渗−地下水升高−基覆界面软弱面土体软化且抗剪强度衰减−推移式蠕滑−支挡结构失效−累进性滑移剪断−整体滑动。研究表明，山区机场高填方边坡修筑应重点解决基覆界面软弱层抗剪强度控制和地下疏排水工程设置问题。该高填方滑坡再整治采取了抗滑桩强支挡结合排水隧洞或集水井疏排地下水，治理工后监测表明排水效果良好。研究结果可为其他高填方工程变形机理研究及工程整治提供借鉴。
Abstract:Objective Due to the unique engineering geological conditions associated with the mountainous terrain, the construction of airports in such areas has resulted in numerous high-fill slope projects. The primary challenge lies in controlling deformation and ensuring the long-term stability of these high-fill slopes during operation. Taking Panzhihua Airport as a case study, this paper systematically reviews the history of geological hazard history during both the construction and operational phases, and provides a detailed description of the development characteristics of three typical high-fill landslides that occurred during operation.
Methods Through engineering geological investigations and in-situ geotechnical testing, the causes and evolutionary mechanisms of these high-fill landslides are analyzed, and key technologies for landslide control are proposed.
Results The results indicate that the internal causes including topography conducive to surface water concentration and the specific unidirectional gently inclined slope structure with soft upper and hard lower layers that facilitate rainfall infiltration. The triggering factors are characterized by concentrated rainfall, frequent short-term rainstorms, abundant groundwater, and the tendency to accumulate above relatively impermeable layers. The instability evolution mechanism of the high-fill slope at Panzhihua Airport can be summarized as follows: long-term infiltration of heavy rainfall, rising groundwater level, softening and shear strength degradation of the weak interface at the fill-bedrock contact, push-creep sliding, failure of retaining structures, progressive sliding and shearing, overall slope failure. The construction of high-fill slopes in mountainous airports should focus on controlling the shear strength of weak layers at the fill-bedrock interface and implementing underground drainage systems.
Conclusion For remediation, anti-slide piles combined with drainage tunnels or catchment wells were adopted to provide strong support and groundwater drainage. Post-construction monitoring confirms satisfactory drainage performance. The results offer valuable references for the deformation mechanisms and remediation strategies in other high-fill projects.
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图 1 建设期(a)和运营期(b)机场滑坡分布
Figure 1. Distribution of airport landslides during construction (a) and operation (b) periods
图 2 机场区域地形地貌(a)及全貌(b)示意图
Figure 2. Topography (a) and lanscape (b) of the airport area
图 4 12#(a)、9#(b)、13#(c)滑坡工程地质剖面简图
Figure 4. Schematic engineering geological profiles of landslides 12#(a)，9#(b)，13#(c)
图 9 降雨−地下水补径排示意
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the rainfall and groundwater recharge, flow and discharge
图 10 典型钻孔水位−降雨量动态变化历时曲线
Figure 10. Hydrograph of groundwater level and rainfall variation in typical borehole
图 12 滑坡治理工程断面（L. 锚索总长度；L锚. 锚固段长度）
Figure 12. Section of landslide treatment engineering
图 13 12#滑坡排水隧洞流量−降雨量−时程曲线
Figure 13. Rainfall-discharge-time relationship for 12# landslide drainage tunnel
图 14 13#滑坡集水井流量−降雨量−时程曲线
Figure 14. Rainfall-discharge-time relationship for 13# landslide collecting well
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