鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘侏罗系延安组油页岩发育特征及其古环境恢复

杨俊; 徐清海; 母彩霞; 海连富; 徐皓玮; 杨治宇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240171

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘侏罗系延安组油页岩发育特征及其古环境恢复

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240171

1.
长江大学地球科学学院，武汉 430100
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，武汉 430074
3.
宁夏回族自治区矿产地质调查院（自治区矿产地质研究所），银川 750021

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42202150）；宁夏自然科学基金优秀青年项目（2021AAC05024）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2022BEG03061）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨俊：E-mail：yangjun001229@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：qinghai.xu@yangtzeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 327
- PDF下载量: 33
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-19
- 录用日期: 2024-07-26
- 修回日期: 2024-07-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-18

Characteristics of oil shale development and paleoenvironment restoration of Jurassic Yan'an Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin

1.
School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Ningxia Institute of Mineral Geological Survey(Autonomous Region Institute of Mineral Geology), Yinchuan 750021, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：yangjun001229@163.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：qinghai.xu@yangtzeu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘侏罗系延安组发育多套与煤伴生和非伴生的油页岩，但是长期以来对该区油页岩的特征及其沉积环境研究相对缺乏。通过对研究区钻井岩心进行取样，开展低温干馏、岩石热解、主微量元素测定和气相色谱等实验，对油页岩的工业指标、地球化学特征和沉积古环境进行分析。研究表明，研究区油页岩含油率为3.8%～6.7%，灰分质量分数为44.81%～75.58%，全硫为0.31%～2.29%，发热量平均值为11.95 kJ/g；测井曲线呈现高伽马、高电阻率和负异常自然电位特征，明显区别于煤层和泥岩；有机质类型以Ⅱ₂型为主，有机质丰度较高，整体处于未熟−低成熟阶段；总体属于中品质、硅质灰分、特低硫的油页岩。主量元素以SiO₂和Al₂O₃为主，平均质量分数分别为48.26%和17.57%，微量元素Sr、Th和U富集，Ni、V和Ba亏损，元素分析表明研究区有较多含钾矿物和镁铁成分，且稳定组分较高。通过古环境元素标志和饱和烃色谱分析认为有机质主要来源于混合有机质，古生产力中等，且沉积环境具有独特性，属于温暖湿润的贫氧陆相淡水洼地环境。分析各环境因素显示，氧化还原条件是有机质富集的主要影响因素，进而建立了不同沉积时期的延安组油页岩沉积演化模式。研究成果为鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘侏罗系延安组油页岩勘探开发提供了重要理论指导和技术支撑。
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 延安组 /
- 油页岩 /
- 古环境 /
- 有机质富集
Abstract: Objective
The Jurassic Yan'an Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin hosts numerous oil shale deposits associated with coal, as well as some non-associated oil shale. However, detailed studies on the characteristics and sedimentary environment of these oil shales have been limited over the years.
Methods
This study analyzed oil shale samples from various wells in the study area, focusing on their industrial indices, geochemistry properties, and sedimentary paleoenvironment. Oil shale was studied using low-temperature retorting, rock pyrolysis, measurement of major and trace elements, and gas chromatography.
Results
The oil-bearing ratio in the study area ranges from 3.8% to 6.7%, with ash content between 44.81% and 75.58%, total sulfur from 0.31% to 2.29%, and the calorific value is 11.95 kJ/g (average value). The logging curves show the characteristics of high gamma, high resistivity, and negative abnormal natural potential, distinguishing the oil shale from coal seams and mudstones. The dominant organic matter type is type Ⅱ₂. The organic matter is abundant, primarily immature to low-maturity, and classified as medium quality, siliceous ash, and extra-low sulfur oil shale. The main elements in the oil shale are SiO₂ (average 48.26%) and Al₂O₃ (average 17.57%), with notable enrichment in micronutrients such as Sr, Th, and U, and depletion in Ni, V, and B. This suggests more potassium-containing minerals and higher stable components in the study area. Based on paleoenvironmental element markers and saturated hydrocarbon chromatography, the organic matter is mainly of mixed origin, with moderate ancient productivity. The sedimentary environment was a warm, humid, continental freshwater depression, with redox conditions playing a key role in organic matter enrichment. A sedimentary evolution model for the oil shale in the Yan'an Formation across varying depositional periods has been established.
Conclusion
These findings provide valuable theoretical guidance and technical support for the exploration and development of the Jurassic oil shale in the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin.
- Ordos Basin /
- Yan'an Formation /
- oil shale /
- paleoenvironment /
- organic matter accumulation

HTML全文

图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地区域构造地质及研究区位置图（据文献[15]修改）

Figure 1. Regional structure and geological map of the Ordos Basin and the location of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 研究区地质简图（据文献[14]修改）

Figure 2. Geological sketch map of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩综合柱状图

Figure 3. Synthesis histogram of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩岩心特征

a. ZK1306井油页岩，油脂光泽；b. 黑色油页岩，断面呈参差状；c. 油页岩发育块状层理

Figure 4. Core characteristics of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩品质特征直方图及关系图

Figure 5. Histograms and relationships of oil shale quality indicators in Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组K1802井(a)和ZK1306井(b)油页岩测井曲线特征

Figure 6. Logarithmic curves of oil shale in Well K1802 (a) and Well ZK1306 (b) of Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩含油率与TOC关系图

Figure 7. Diagram of oil yield versus TOC for oil shale of Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩有机质类型判别图

Figure 8. Discriminant map of organic matter types of oil shale in Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩微量元素平均富集系数

Figure 9. Average enrichment coefficient of trace elements of oil shale in Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 油页岩元素地球化学值

Figure 10. Geochemical distribution of key elements in the oil shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 油页岩Pr/nC₁₇-Ph/nC₁₈交汇图

Figure 11. Pr/nC₁₇ versus Ph/nC₁₈ intersection diagram of oil shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩w（TOC）与古环境参数相关性

Figure 12. Correlation between TOC of oil shale and paleoenvironmental parameters of Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩沉积演化模式图

Figure 13. Sedimentary model of the oil shale in Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩及煤主要工业参数

Table 1. Key industrial parameters of oil shale and coal in Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

样品编号	深度/m	岩性	含油率/ %	w(全硫)/ %	w(灰分)/ %	发热量/ (kJ·g⁻¹)
P1	695.80～696.15	油页岩	6.7	1.06	44.81	17.51
P2	712.86～713.25	油页岩	5.3	2.29	62.40	11.07
P3	728.93～729.42	油页岩	4.5	0.31	58.15	9.13
P4	845.85～846.10	油页岩	3.8	0.79	75.58	5.94
P5	943.54～945.07	油页岩	4.2	0.42	49.46	13.49
P6	952.77～953.24	油页岩	5.7	0.43	52.84	14.53
P7	764.90～765.75	煤	4.7	0.44	16.26	24.27
P8	853.65～854.37	煤	6.5	0.25	34.48	18.71

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩有机地化参数

Table 2. Organic geochemical parameters of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

样品编号	w(TOC)/%	T_max/℃	S₂/ (mg·g⁻¹)	S₁+S₂/ (mg·g⁻¹)	HI/ (mg·g⁻¹)	R_o/%
P1	28.77	427.00	48.85	49.14	196.33	0.53
P2	25.92	414.00	45.38	45.77	297.19	0.46
P3	21.27	421.00	55.85	56.94	298.96	0.49
P4	13.93	412.00	32.75	33.31	231.05	0.44
P5	22.34	420.00	47.71	48.46	154.35	0.57
P6	25.22	417.00	41.57	41.71	252.78	0.55
T_max. 热解峰值温度；S₂. 热解烃质量分数；(S₁+S₂). 生烃潜量；HI. 烃指数；R_o. 镜质体反射率；下同

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 有机质不同成熟阶段的T_max值^[28]

Table 3. T_max values of organic matter at different maturation stages T_max/(℃)

干酪根类型	有机质热演化阶段
干酪根类型	未成熟	成熟	高成熟	过成熟
Ⅰ	<437	437～460	460～490	>490
Ⅱ	<435	435～455	455～490	>490
Ⅲ	<432	432～460	460～505	>505

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩主量元素分析数据

Table 4. Major elemental analysis data of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin w_B/%

样品编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	TiO₂	P₂O₅	MnO
P1	29.27	12.22	1.36	1.27	0.26	0.40	0.49	0.90	0.45	0.00
P2	9.87	6.82	1.07	0.96	0.51	0.44	0.08	0.18	0.04	0.00
P3	60.19	23.67	5.37	3.36	0.90	1.89	0.25	1.03	0.29	0.13
P4	61.73	20.65	4.64	3.09	3.46	1.89	0.38	0.33	0.03	0.05
P5	64.27	20.41	6.32	3.41	3.59	2.31	0.42	0.98	0.39	0.02
P6	64.25	21.64	5.22	3.18	1.69	2.21	0.32	0.82	0.18	0.02

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩微量元素分析数据

Table 5. Trace element analysis data of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin w_B/10⁻⁶

样品编号	Ni	V	Ba	Sr	Th	U
P1	7.17	92.08	171.00	146.04	13.32	2.99
P2	4.04	40.00	239.00	77.41	6.56	1.40
P3	19.00	80.00	275.00	147.00	37.00	8.00
P4	28.70	88.00	459.00	207.00	14.00	4.00
P5	26.50	89.00	393.00	670.00	17.00	4.00
P6	26.50	113.00	490.00	445.00	16.00	6.00
均值	18.65	83.68	337.83	282.07	17.31	4.40
PAAS	55.00	150.00	650.00	200.00	14.60	3.10
平均富集系数	0.36	0.60	0.56	1.52	1.27	1.53
PAAS. 太古宙澳大利亚页岩

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 鄂尔多斯盆地延安组油页岩元素标志

Table 6. Element indexes of oil shale from Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin

样品编号	古气候指标	古水深指标	古盐度指标		古生产力指标	氧化还原条件指标
样品编号	CIA	(Fe+Al)/(Ca+Mg)	Sr/Ba	Al₂O₃/MgO	P/Ti	V/(V＋Ni)	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈
P1	85.81	17.37	0.85	30.55	0.36	0.93	1.12	0.83
P2	81.48	6.92	0.32	15.50	0.16	0.91	1.02	0.65
P3	84.00	9.13	0.53	12.52	0.20	0.81	0.86	0.51
P4	74.87	3.92	0.45	10.93	0.07	0.75	0.97	0.51
P5	73.34	3.84	1.70	8.84	0.29	0.77	0.78	0.64
P6	80.66	5.94	0.91	9.79	0.16	0.81	0.73	0.70
注：大陆风化指数CIA=Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+Na₂O+K₂O+CaO)×100，各元素单位均为摩尔质量分数

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(47)

[1]	KANG Z Q,ZHAO Y S,YANG D. Review of oil shale in situ conversion technology[J]. Applied Energy,2020,269:115121. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115121
[2]	HAO F,ZOU H Y,LU Y C. Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China[J]. 2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[3]	LI J R,YANG Z,WU S T,et al. Key issues and development direction of petroleum geology research of source rock strata in China[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2021,5(2):121-126. doi: 10.46690/ager.2021.02.02
[4]	GOODARZI F. A climate change event,detected in Viséan oil shales from Devon Island,Arctic Canada[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2020,226:103503. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2020.103503
[5]	BRENDOW K. Global oil shale issues and perspectives[J]. Oil Shale,2003,20(1):81-92. doi: 10.3176/oil.2003.1.09
[6]	XIA L Y,ZHAO X Y,WU Y. Status,disadvantages,and prospects of oil shale in China:An economic perspective[J]. Energy Policy,2023,183:113795. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113795
[7]	海连富,王磊,马治军,等. 宁夏固原炭山地区中侏罗统延安组油页岩特征及其沉积环境[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2020,50(3):747-756. HAI L F,WANG L,MA Z J,et al. Oil shale characteristics and sedimentary environment of Yan’an formation in Middle Jurassic in tanshan area,Guyuan,Ningxia[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2020,50(3):747-756. (in Chinese with English abstract
[8]	SUN Y H,TSOLMON D,SHAN X L,et al. Palaeoenvironmental evolution of formation of Bayanjargalan oil shale:Evidence from trace elements and biomarkers[J]. Scientific Reports,2021,11:4561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83415-6
[9]	PIKKOR H,LEES H,KONIST A,et al. Steam activation of oil shale to enhance the porosity of produced semicoke[J]. Energy Sources,Part A:Recovery,Utilization,and Environmental Effects,2022,44(4):9064-9073.
[10]	李殿超,朱建伟,严焕榕,等. 广东省茂名盆地油页岩的沉积特征及分布规律[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(6):938-943. LI D C,ZHU J W,YAN H R,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and distribution rule of oil shale in Maoming Basin in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2006,36(6):938-943. (in Chinese with English abstract
[11]	徐银波,毕彩芹,张家强,等. 新疆三塘湖盆地芦草沟组油页岩特征及成矿背景[J]. 地质与勘探,2022,58(2):442-453. doi: 10.12134/j.dzykt.2022.02.018 XU Y B,BI C Q,ZHANG J Q,et al. Characteristics and metallogenetic background of oil shale in the Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin,Xinjiang[J]. Geology and Exploration,2022,58(2):442-453. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12134/j.dzykt.2022.02.018
[12]	徐银波,孙平昌,李昭,等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔地区二叠系芦草沟组油页岩地球化学特征与成矿条件[J]. 中国地质,2022,49(1):311-323. doi: 10.12029/gc20220120 XU Y B,SUN P C,LI Z,et al. The geochemical characteristics and metallogenic condition of Permain Lucaogou Formation oil shale in Jimusaer,Junggar Basin,Xinjiang[J]. Geology in China,2022,49(1):311-323. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12029/gc20220120
[13]	LIU C Y,ZHAO H G,SUN Y Z. Tectonic background of Ordos Basin and its controlling role for Basin evolution and energy mineral deposits[J]. Energy Exploration & Exploitation,2009,27(1):15-27.
[14]	HAI L F,MU C X,XU Q H,et al. The sequence stratigraphic division and depositional environment of the Jurassic Yan'an Formation in the Pengyang area,southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin,China[J]. Energies,2022,15(14):5310. doi: 10.3390/en15145310
[15]	赵华雷,李建国,苗培森,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘彭阳铀矿区矿物学研究及其对区域成矿的指示[J]. 大地构造与成矿学,2020,44(4):607-618. ZHAO H L,LI J G,MIAO P S,et al. Mineralogical study of Pengyang uranium deposit and its significance of regional mineral exploration in southwestern Ordos Basin[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2020,44(4):607-618.
[16]	许效松,万方,尹福光,等. 奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相[J]. 矿物岩石,2001,21(3):64-68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6872.2001.03.010 XU X S,WAN F,YIN F G,et al. Environment facies,ecological facies and diagenetic facies of Baota Formation,of late ordovina[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2001,21(3):64-68. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6872.2001.03.010
[17]	戴霜,黄永波,赵杰,等. 六盘山群沉积物磁化率记录的早白垩世气候变化[J]. 地学前缘,2010,17(3):242-249. DAI S,HUANG Y B,ZHAO J,et al. The climate change during 128.11-119.05 Ma recorded by the susceptibility of the sediments of Liupanshan Group[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(3):242-249. (in Chinese with English abstract
[18]	李明涛,李黎明,梁志荣. 宁夏同心地区古近纪-新近纪沉积岩地球化学特征及意义[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报,2020,39(2):304-318. LI M T,LI L M,LIANG Z R. Geochemical characteristics and their significances of the Paleogene-Neogene sedimentary rocks in the Tongxin area,Ningxia,China[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2020,39(2):304-318. (in Chinese with English abstract
[19]	何伟,王金敏,海连富,等. 炭山地区延安组下部泥质岩元素地球化学特征及其地质意义:以固油-1井为例[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2019,31(2):7-14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2019.02.02 HE W,WANG J M,HAI L F,et al. Elemental geochemical features of argillaceous rock in tanshan area Yan'an Formation Lower part:A case study of Well GY-1[J]. Coal Geology of China,2019,31(2):7-14. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2019.02.02
[20]	薛敏,刘招君,孙平昌,等. 抚顺、桦甸、龙口含矿区始新统高品质油页岩特征及地质意义[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2018,30(6):41-46+47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2018.06.08 XUE M,LIU Z J,SUN P C,et al. Eocene high quality oil shale features and geological significance in Fushun,Huadian and Longkou ore-bearing areas[J]. Coal Geology of China,2018,30(6):41-46+47. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2018.06.08
[21]	宋青磊,刘招君,胡菲,等. 松辽盆地扶余—长春岭地区上白垩统青山口组油页岩品质特征及意义[J]. 世界地质,2016,35(2):487-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2016.02.020 SONG Q L,LIU Z J,HU F,et al. Oil shale characteristics of Upper Cretaceous Qiangshankou Formation in Fuyu-Changchunling area of Songliao Basin and its significance[J]. Global Geology,2016,35(2):487-494. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2016.02.020
[22]	YU H H,TANG J P,ZHANG X,et al. Analysis of effective pyrolysis zone and heat loss in oil shale reservoir with random fractures[J]. ACS Omega,2023,8(48):45687-45699. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06014
[23]	李宁,闫伟林,武宏亮,等. 松辽盆地古龙页岩油测井评价技术现状、问题及对策[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发,2020,39(3):117-128. LI N,YAN W L,WU H L,et al. Current situation,problems and countermeasures of the well-logging evaluation technology for Gulong shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(3):117-128. (in Chinese with English abstract
[24]	WANG J X,XU Y B,SUN P C,et al. Prediction of organic carbon content in oil shale based on logging:A case study in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China[J]. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources,2022,8(2):44. doi: 10.1007/s40948-022-00355-9
[25]	徐银波,姚树青,罗晓玲,等. 新疆三塘湖盆地石头梅地区芦草沟组油页岩测井响应特征及识别模型[J]. 地质通报,2023,42(11):1808-1817. doi: 10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2023.11.002 XU Y B,YAO S Q,LUO X L,et al. Logging response characteristics and identification model of oil shale of Lucaogou Formation in Shitoumei area of Santanghu Basin,Xinjiang[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2023,42(11):1808-1817. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2023.11.002
[26]	郑奎,杨晋玉,胡晓雪,等. 胡尖山−姬塬地区长7段油页岩定性定量评价及长9油藏勘探评价[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版),2022,19(5):27-36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1409.2022.05.004 ZHENG K,YANG J Y,HU X X,et al. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Chang 7 oil shale and exploration evaluation of Chang 9 reservoir in Hujianshan-Jiyuan area[J]. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition),2022,19(5):27-36. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1409.2022.05.004
[27]	HOU L H,MA W J,LUO X,et al. Hydrocarbon generation-retention-expulsion mechanism and shale oil producibility of the Permian Lucaogou shale in the Junggar Basin as simulated by semi-open pyrolysis experiments[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2021,125:104880. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104880
[28]	邬立言,顾信章. 热解技术在我国生油岩研究中的应用[J]. 石油学报,1986,7(2):13-19. doi: 10.7623/syxb198602003 WU L Y,GU X Z. The application of pyrolysis technique in source rock research[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,1986,7(2):13-19. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.7623/syxb198602003
[29]	SABERI F,HOSSEINI-BARZI M. Effect of thermal maturation and organic matter content on oil shale fracturing[J]. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology,2024,11(1):16.
[30]	赵隆业,陈基娘,王天顺. 我国油页岩的成分和品级划分[J]. 现代地质,1991,5(4):423-429. ZHAO L Y,CHEN J N,WANG T S. Grade dividing and compositionof oil shale in China[J]. Geoscience,1991,5(4):423-429. (in Chinese with English abstract
[31]	郭伟,冯庆来,KHAN M Z. 重庆焦页143-5井五峰组−龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集机理[J]. 地球科学,2021,46(2):572-582. GUO W,FENG Q L,KHAN M Z. Organic matter enrichment mechanism of black shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations:A case study from Jiaoye 143-5 Well at Chongqing[J]. Earth Science,2021,46(2):572-582. (in Chinese with English abstract
[32]	NESBITT H W,YOUNG G M. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature,1982,299(5885):715-717. doi: 10.1038/299715a0
[33]	张永生,杨玉卿,漆智先,等. 江汉盆地潜江凹陷古近系潜江组含盐岩系沉积特征与沉积环境[J]. 古地理学报,2003,5(1):29-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.2003.01.003 ZHANG Y S,YANG Y Q,QI Z X,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and environments of the salt-bearing series of Qianjiang Formation of the Paleogene in Qianjiang Sag of Jianghan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(1):29-35. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.2003.01.003
[34]	张参. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘及邻区侏罗纪延安期原始盆地沉积面貌恢复[D]. 西安:西北大学,2010. ZHANG C. Restoration of the Yan’an period of Jurassic Basin in the western margin and adjacent areas of Ordos Basin[D]. Xi'an:Northwest University,2010. (in Chinese with English abstract
[35]	许中杰,程日辉,王嘹亮,等. 南海北部陆缘早侏罗世海平面变化的古盐度记录[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(6):1147-1154. XU Z J,CHENG R H,WANG L L,et al. Paleosalinity records to sea level change of the northern margin of the South China Sea in Early Jurassic[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(6):1147-1154. (in Chinese with English abstract
[36]	TRIBOVILLARD N,ALGEO T J,LYONS T,et al. Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies:An update[J]. Chemical Geology,2006,232(1/2):12-32.
[37]	MEYERS S R. Production and preservation of organic matter:The significance of iron[J]. Paleoceanography,2007,22(4):1-16.
[38]	ALGEO T J,KUWAHARA K,SANO H,et al. Spatial variation in sediment fluxes,redox conditions,and productivity in the Permian-Triassic Panthalassic Ocean[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2011,308(1/2):65-83.
[39]	HATCH J R,LEVENTHAL J S. Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone,Wabaunsee County,Kansas,U. S. A[J]. Chemical Geology,1992,99(1/2/3):65-82.
[40]	徐清海,吴楠,王健,等. 银川盆地清水营组咸化湖盆沉积特征与湖盆演化[J]. 地球科学,2023,48(1):317-328. XU Q H,WU N,WANG J,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and lake basin evolution of salinized lake basin of Qingshuiying Formation in Yinchuan Basin[J]. Earth Science,2023,48(1):317-328. (in Chinese with English abstract
[41]	XIAO X M,ZHAO B Q,THU Z L,et al. Upper Paleozoic petroleum system,Ordos Basin,China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(8):945-963. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.04.001
[42]	张新乐,平宏伟,杨鑫,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘泾河油田长7段烃源岩生、排烃期与油气成藏期对比[J]. 地质科技通报,2024,43(1):108-121. ZHANG X L,PING H W,YANG X,et al. Comparison of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion periods,and accumulation periods of source rocks in Member 7 of the Yanchang Formation in the Jinghe Oilfield,southern Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2024,43(1):108-121. (in Chinese with English abstract
[43]	CAO H,SUN Z L,JIANG Z K,et al. Source origin and ore-controlling factors of hydrothermal sulfides from the Tianzuo hydrothermal field,Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2021,134:104168. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104168
[44]	辛红刚,田杨,冯胜斌,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地典型夹层型页岩油地质特征及潜力评价:以宁228井长7段为例[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(3):114-124. XIN H G,TIAN Y,FENG S B,et al. Geological characteristics and potential evaluation of typical interlayer shale oil in the Ordos Basin:A case study of the Chang 7 Member of Well Ning228[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(3):114-124. (in Chinese with English abstract
[45]	HAN S J,SANG S X,LIANG J J,et al. Characteristics and genesis of diachronous Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences:Insights from geochemistry,petrology and U-Pb dating in the North Junggar Basin,China[J]. International Geology Review,2019,61(4):404-423. doi: 10.1080/00206814.2018.1428830
[46]	海连富,陶瑞,张晓军,等. 宁夏卫宁北山地区金场子金矿区找矿模型及成矿预测[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(2):19-32. HAI L F,TAO R,ZHANG X J,et al. Prospecting model and metallogenic prediction of the Jinchangzi gold deposit in the Weiningbeishan area,Ningxia[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(2):19-32. (in Chinese with English abstract
[47]	ZHAO D F,GUO Y H,WANG G,et al. Organic matter enrichment mechanism of Youganwo Formation oil shale in the Maoming Basin[J]. Heliyon,2023,9(2):e13173. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13173