深埋隧道穿越富水断层破碎带突水突泥灾变演化规律研究

郭延辉; 李顺银; 严航; 郑磊; 李小强; 焦昊

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240160

深埋隧道穿越富水断层破碎带突水突泥灾变演化规律研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240160

郭延辉^1, ,,
李顺银¹,
严航²,
郑磊³,
李小强²,
焦昊³

1.
昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院，昆明 650093
2.
云南交投公路建设第三工程有限公司，昆明 650103
3.
云南建投第六建设有限公司，云南玉溪 653199

基金项目: 云南省基础研究计划重点项目（202501AS070107）；云南省基础研究计划面上项目（202301AT070454）；云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才专项（KKXX202467043）；国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目（2021106740085；2021106740086）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：guoyanhui0818@kust.edu.cn

中图分类号: U45；TU94
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- 文章访问数: 98
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-15
- 录用日期: 2024-06-17
- 修回日期: 2024-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-19

Evolution law of water and mud inrush disaster in deep-buried tunnel crossing water-rich fault fracture zone

1.
Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2.
Third Engineering Company of Yunnan Jiaotong Highway Construction Co. Ltd., Kunming 650103, China
3.
Yunnan Construction Investment No.6 Construction Co. Ltd., Yuxi Yunnan 653199, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：guoyanhui0818@kust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
富水断层破碎带的存在对隧道突水突泥的发生有着较大的影响。为研究深埋隧道穿越富水断层破碎带时引起的突水突泥灾变演化规律，基于筒仓模型和极限平衡理论，考虑断层破碎带的宽度、长度和倾角，建立隧道穿越富水断层破碎带的隔水岩体力学模型，推导隔水岩体最小安全厚度的力学判据；通过MIDAS GTS NX数值模拟仿真，建立三维流固耦合数值模型，分析隧道开挖至断层破碎带内部时的位移、应力、孔隙水压力和渗流流速演化规律。结果表明：隔水岩体的最小安全厚度主要与断层破碎带长度、宽度、倾角、隧道埋深以及隔水岩体自身的力学性质有关；隧道开挖至断层后，其内部位移显著增大，最大主应力和最小主应力都存在明显的突变；低孔隙水压力区范围显著增大，孔隙水压力表现出先缓慢减小，后急剧减小，再逐渐趋于稳定的变化趋势；在断层内部出现了流速高值区，整个模型流速出现增大趋势，开挖过程中掌子面的最大流速整体呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。该研究可为断层破碎带突水突泥灾害的预防提供相关参考。
- 深埋隧道 /
- 突水突泥 /
- 断层破碎带 /
- 隔水岩体 /
- MIDAS GTS NX
Abstract: Objective
The existence of water-rich fault fracture zones significantly influences the occurrence of water and mud inrush during tunnel construction. To study the disaster evolution mechanism during deep-buried tunnel excavation through water-rich fault fracture zones,
Methods
this study establishes a mechanical model of the impermeable rock mass based on the silo model and limit equilibrium theory, considering the width, length, and inclination angle of the fault fracture zone. The mechanical criterion for the minimum safe thickness of the impermeable rock mass is derived. Using MIDAS GTS NX numerical simulation, a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling numerical model is developed to analyze the evolution pattern of displacement, stress, pore water pressure, and seepage velocity when tunneling into the fault fracture zone.
Results
The results show that the minimum safe thickness of the impermeable rock mass is mainly influenced by the length, width, and inclination angle of the fault fracture zone, tunnel burial depth, and the mechanical properties of the impermeable rock mass. After tunnel excavation reaches the fault zone, internal displacement increases significantly, with abrupt changes in both the maximum and minimum principal stresses. The low pore water pressure zone expands considerably, showing a trend of initial slow decrease, followed by rapid decrease, and eventual stabilization. A high-velocity zone emerges within the fault, with overall model flow velocity increasing. During excavation, the maximum flow velocity at the tunnel face generally increases first and then decreases.
Conclusion
This study provides important references for preventing water and mud inrush disasters in fault fracture zones.
- deep-buried tunnel /
- water and mud inrush /
- fault fracture zone /
- impermeable rock mass /
- MIDAS GTS NX

HTML全文

图 1 大柱山隧道地理位置示意图

Figure 1. Geographical location map of Dazhu Mountain tunnel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大柱山隧道纵剖面图

Figure 2. Longitudinal profile of Dazhu Mountain tunnel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 断层破碎带薄层单元力学模型

μ. 摩擦系数；γ. 断层破碎带内的充填介质的容重；θ. 断层倾角；σ_h. 断层附近隧道区域的侧向地应力；σ_v. 断层附近隧道区域的垂直地应力；dz. 断层薄层厚度；下同

Figure 3. Mechanical model of thin layer element in fault fracture zone

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图 4 隧道穿越断层破碎带的隔水岩体力学模型

S. 隧道掌子面和断层破碎带之间隔水岩体的厚度；p_w. 垂直于断层与隔水岩体接触面的地下水压力；τ. 隔水岩体和围岩接触面之间产生的剪应力；σ. 作用于隔水岩体的竖向应力；h. 地下水位到隧道轴线中心的垂直距离

Figure 4. Mechanical model of impermeable rock mass for tunnels crossing fault fracture zone

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图 5 数值模拟方案示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the numerical simulation scheme

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图 6 模型整体图

Figure 6. Overall view of the model

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图 7 隧道开挖至断层时围岩的位移云图（图例中的百分比为该段数值的占比，下同）

Figure 7. Displacement cloud map of surrounding rock during tunnel excavation to the fault zone

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图 8 监测点位移变化规律

Figure 8. Displacement variation patterns at monitoring points

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图 9 隧道开挖至断层时围岩的主应力云图

Figure 9. Principal stress cloud map of surrounding rock when tunnel excavation to the fault zone

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图 10 监测单元的主应力变化规律

Figure 10. Variation law of principal stress for monitoring units

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图 11 隧道未开挖至断层(a)、开挖至断层(b)内部时的孔隙水压力分布云图

Figure 11. Cloud map of pore water pressure during different excavation stages: Before (a) and after (b) reaching the fault zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 监测单元孔隙水压力变化

Figure 12. Variation of pore water pressure in monitoring units

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图 13 隧道未开挖至断层(a)、开挖至断层(b)时的渗流流速云图

Figure 13. Cloud map of seepage flow velocity during different excavation stages: Before (a) and after (b) reaching the fault zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 监测单元渗流流速变化规律

Figure 14. Variation law of seepage velocity in monitoring units

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表 1 模型计算参数

Table 1. Calculation parameters of the model

材料类型	容重/ （kN·m⁻³）	饱和容重/ （kN·m⁻³）	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	内摩擦角/（°）	黏聚力/ MPa	渗透系数/ （cm·s⁻¹）
Ⅳ级围岩	20.1	21.5	4.11	0.32	23.1	0.3	4.13×10^-4
断层	19.5	18	0.9	0.3	19	0.05	4.02×10⁻³

下载: 导出CSV

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