塔里木盆地富满油田F<sub>I</sub>17走滑断裂带奥陶系原油地化特征、充注差异及其控制因素

王清华; 蔡振忠; 平宏伟; 张银涛; 刘瑞东; 杨美纯; 鲁中灯; 杨鑫; 张新乐

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240159

塔里木盆地富满油田F_I17走滑断裂带奥陶系原油地化特征、充注差异及其控制因素

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240159

王清华^{1, 2, 3,},
蔡振忠^{1, 2, 3},
平宏伟^4, ,,
张银涛^{1, 2, 3},
刘瑞东¹,
杨美纯¹,
鲁中灯⁴,
杨鑫⁴,
张新乐⁴

1 .
中国石油塔里木油田公司研发中心，新疆库尔勒，841000
2 .
中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心，新疆库尔勒，841000
3 .
新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心，新疆库尔勒，841000
4 .
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42072176；42272169）

详细信息

作者简介:
王清华：E-mail：wqh-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：howping@qq.com

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 93
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-11
- 录用日期: 2025-03-25
- 修回日期: 2025-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-16

Geochemical characteristics, charging differences, and controlling factors of the Ordovician crude oil in the F_I17 strike-slip fault zone of the Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin

WANG Qinghua^{1, 2, 3
,},
CAI Zhenzhong^{1, 2, 3},
PING Hongwei^{4
, ,},
ZHANG Yintao^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Ruidong¹,
YANG Meichun¹,
LU Zhongdeng⁴,
YANG Xin⁴,
ZHANG Xinle⁴

1 .
R & D Center for Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
2 .
R & D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, CNPC, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
3 .
Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
4 .
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：wqh-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：howping@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
富满油田油气勘探潜力巨大，是塔里木油田增储上产的重要战略接替区。分析该区原油的来源、热成熟度以及充注过程对揭示研究区油气成藏模式和富集规律以及指导后期油气勘探至关重要。通过对富满油田F_I17走滑断裂带15个原油样品的有机地球化学和3口井（HD32，MS2和MS5）流体包裹体样品的系统分析，结合走滑断裂的走向分段及活动期次探讨了F_I17走滑断裂带原油地球化学特征和油气充注过程及其主要控制因素。研究结果表明该断裂带原油均源于下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩，芳烃参数换算的原油等效镜质体反射率值介于0.80%～1.20%之间，总体经历了较弱的原油热化学硫酸盐还原作用（TSR）、气洗和原油裂解作用。断裂带及周缘经历了加里东晚期、海西中−晚期和喜山期3期不同成熟度油和喜山期天然气充注，但南北存在同期不同成熟油充注差异，北段和中段以第2期（蓝绿色荧光）和第3期（亮蓝色荧光）油贡献为主，南段以第2期（亮蓝色荧光）油充注为主且存在喜山期天然气气侵改造。F_I17走滑断裂带原油热成熟度、气洗和原油裂解程度以及晚期油气贡献由北向南呈增大趋势，这种变化规律主要受控于南强北弱的断裂活动强度差异。研究表明断裂带北段−中段深部可能存在晚期较高成熟度油气，当前勘探深度并未达到液态烃赋存的下限，更深部的储层仍具有较大的油气勘探潜力。
- 富满油田 /
- 流体包裹体 /
- 油气成藏 /
- 原油裂解 /
- 走滑断裂 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: Objective
The Fuman Oilfield has significant potential for oil and gas exploration, and is a key area for increased oil reserves and production in the Tarim Oilfield. Analyzing the source, thermal maturity, and charging process of crude oils in this area is essential for understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation patterns, enrichment laws, and guiding future exploration activities.
Methods
Based on systematic organic geochemical analysis of 15 crude oil samples and fluid inclusion samples from three wells, as well as the orientation segmentation and active phases of the strike-slip fault, this study examines the geochemical characteristics of crude oils, hydrocarbon charging processes, and their main controlling factors in the F_I17 strike-slip fault zone.
Results
The results show that the crude oil in this fault zone is derived from the Lower Cambrian Yurtus source rocks. The equivalent vitrinite reflectance value of the crude oil, calculated from aromatic parameters, ranges from 0.80% to 1.20%. The crude oil has undergone relatively weak thermal chemical sulfate reduction (TSR), gas stripping, and oil cracking. The fault zone and its periphery have experienced three stages of oil charging with different maturities: Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, and Himalayan periods, and the gas charging occurred during the Himalayan period. However, there are differences in oil maturity within the same period between the northern and southern segments. The northern and middle segments are mainly dominated by oil contributions from the second stage (blue-green fluorescence) and third stage (bright-blue fluorescence), however, the southern segment is predominantly charged by the second-stage oil with bright-blue fluorescence and the Himalayan-period gas invasion altering pro-existing oil. The F_I17 strike-slip fault zone exhibits a north-to-south increasing gradient in the oil thermal maturity, gas stripping intensity, oil cracking degree and contribution of late-stage hydrocarbons.
Conclusion
This spatial variation is governed by fault activity intensity that intensifies southward, which is stronger in the south and weaker in the north. This study suggests the likely presence of deeper, late-stage high maturity hydrocarbons in the northern and middle sections of the fault zone, and the current exploration depth has not yet reached the lower limit of liquid hydrocarbon occurrence. Therefore, deeper reservoirs still have significant potential for oil and gas exploration.
- Fuman Oilfield /
- fluid inclusion /
- petroleum accumulation /
- oil cracking /
- strike-slip fault /
- Tarim Basin

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图 1 塔里木盆地富满油田构造单元图（a）及F_I17走滑断裂带取样井分布（b）

Figure 1. Structural unit map of the Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin (a) and distribution of sampling wells in F_I17 strike-slip fault zone

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图 2 富满油田F_I17断裂带原油、族组分和干酪根碳同位素(a)以及原油正构烷烃碳同位素分布图(b)（玉尔吐斯组$({\epsilon_1}y )$烃源岩干酪根碳同位素据ZHU等^[29]，吐木休克组(O₃t)烃源岩干酪根碳同位素据杨海军等^[1]；Oil. 原油；Ker. 干酪根）

Figure 2. Carbon isotopic distributions of oil, grouped compositions, kerogen (a) and n-alkanes (b) of crude oils in the F_I17 fault zone in the Fuman Oilfield

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图 3 富满油田F_I17断裂带原油成熟度判识图

F₁=(2-MP+3-MP)/(2-MP+3-MP+1-MP+9-MP)；F₂=2-MP/(2-MP+3-MP+1-MP+9-MP)；MPI₁=1.5(2-MP+3-MP)/(P+1-MP+9-MP)；MNI₂. 甲基萘指数；MNI₂= MN /TMN；MPI. 甲基菲指数；MPI=MP/P；MPR=(2-MP+3-MP)/(1-MP+9-MP)；P. 菲；MP. 甲基菲；MN. 甲基萘；TMN. 三甲基萘

Figure 3. Identification plot of crude oil maturity in the F_I17 fault zone in the Fuman Oilfield

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图 4 富满油田典型原油总离子色谱(TIC)图(a1, b1)与正构烷烃物质的量浓度对数(lnc_B)及碳数的交汇图(a2, b2)（f为实测数据与未分馏数据的差值）

Figure 4. Total ion chromatogram (TIC) (a1, b1) and cross-plot of logarithm of the molar aoncentration of n-alkane (lnc_B) vs. n-alkane carbon number(a2, b2) for typical crude oils in the Fuman Oilfield

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图 5 富满油田原油C₂₉ ααα20R甾烷和（3- + 4-）甲基金刚烷含量交汇图

Figure 5. Cross-plots of concentrations of C₂₉ααα20R steranes vs. (3- + 4-) methyldimantanes for crude oils in the Fuman Oilfield

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图 6 F_I17走滑断裂带一间房组储层典型显微荧光及荧光光谱照片

a~c. HD32井，O₂yj，7373.6 m；d~f. MS5井，O₂yj，7606.4 m；g~i. MS2井，O₂yj，8057.0 m；b，e，h为荧光照片，其他为透射光照片，红色箭头为油包裹体

Figure 6. Typical fluorescent and fluorescence spectrum pictures of oil inclusions from Yijianfang Formation in the F_I17 strike-slip fault zone

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图 7 油包裹体(a)和原油(b)荧光光谱参数λ_max和QF-535 交汇图

Figure 7. Cross-plots of λ_max and QF-535 of fluorescence spectrum parameters of oil inclusions (a) and crude oils (b)

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图 8 富满油田F_I17走滑断裂带包裹体均一温度频数分布图

a. HD32井，O₂yj，7373.6～7405.3 m；b. MS5井，O₂yj，7606.4～7609 m；c. MS2井，O_1-2y，7777.7～7782.6 m

Figure 8. Homogenization temperature frequency distribution of inclusions in the F_I17 strike-slip fault zone of the Fuman Oilfield

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图 9 富满油田F_I17走滑断裂带原油及油包裹体相对密度(API°)频数分布图

a. HD32井，O₂yj，7373.6～7405.3 m；b. MS5井，O₂yj，7606.4～7609 m；c. MS2井，O_1-2y，7777.7～7782.6 m

Figure 9. API° frequency distribution of crude oil and oil inclusions in the F_I17 strike-slip fault zone of the Fuman Oilfield

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图 10 F_I17断裂带油气充注期次与时期确定图

O. 奥陶系；S. 志留系；D. 泥盆系；C. 石炭系；P. 二叠系；T. 三叠系；J. 侏罗系；K. 白垩系；E. 古近系；N+Q. 新近系+第四系；Lid. 兰多维列统；Mississipian. 密西西比亚系；Penn. 宾夕法尼亚亚系；Cis. 乌拉尔统；Gua. 瓜德鲁普统；Plc. 古新统；Eoc. 始新统；Oli. 渐新统；Mio. 中新统；D₃. 上泥盆统；O₃. 上奥陶统

Figure 10. Determination of hydrocarbon charging stages and periods in the F_I17 fault zone

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图 11 富满油田F_I17断裂带结构和油气性质变化图

TO₃t. 吐木休克组底界面；TO_1-2y. 鹰山组底界面；TЄ₃. 上寒武统底界面

Figure 11. Variation of characteristics of oil and gas, and structure in the F_I17 fault zone of the Fuman Oilfield

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表 1 富满油田F_I17断裂带原油样品物性和族组分参数

Table 1. Physical property, parameters of organic geochemistry and fluorescence spectrum of crude oil in the F_I17 fault zone in the Fuman Oilfield

断裂段	井号	深度/m	层位	原油类型	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	GOR/(m³·m⁻³)	Sat	Aro	Res	Asp	回收率/%
断裂段	井号	深度/m	层位	原油类型	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	GOR/(m³·m⁻³)	w_B/%				回收率/%
北段	HD32-H1	7219～7703	O₂yj	中质油	0.82	298	50.81	8.29	21.80	4.68	85.58
	HD32	7323～7607	O₂yj	中质油	0.83	296	52.58	7.87	5.62	3.37	69.44
	MS506H	7430～7857	O_1-2y	中质油	0.81	319	48.43	6.28	28.10	4.46	87.27
	MS504H	7487～8150	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.81	352	65.21	5.38	17.63	4.64	92.86
	MS504-H2	7510～8521	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.80	334	77.89	5.03	1.30	4.28	88.50
	MS501H	7613～8033	O₂yj	挥发油	0.81	453	75.40	4.83	1.84	1.15	83.22
中段	MS5	6914～7192	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.80	478	75.11	3.56	1.33	1.56	81.56
	MS502H	7571～7992	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.79	449	75.25	4.11	1.37	3.42	84.15
	MS503H	7596～8305	O₂yj	挥发油	0.79	497	71.67	3.69	18.80	1.76	95.92
	MS301H	7532～8639	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.80	391	73.88	3.16	1.70	0.97	79.71
	MS3	7547～8010	O₂yj	挥发油	0.79	407	76.69	3.18	1.17	1.34	82.38
南段	MS1	7509～7665	O₂yj	挥发油	0.79	743	81.83	3.38	1.35	0.90	87.46
	MS2	8057～8470	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.80	755	86.78	3.27	1.40	2.10	93.55
	MS4-H2	7396～8372	O_1-2y	挥发油	0.78	763	88.18	3.29	18.20	2.25	111.92
	MS4	7573～8202	O₂yj	挥发油	0.79	784	88.72	2.56	1.10	1.28	93.66
注：GOR. 气油比；Sat. 饱和烃；Aro. 芳烃；Res. 非烃；Asp. 沥青质；O₂yj. 一间房组；O₁₋₂y. 鹰山组；下同

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表 2 富满油田F_I17断裂带原油典型生标及芳烃热成熟度参数

Table 2. Typical biomarker and aromatic thermal maturity parameters of crude oil in the F_I17 fault zone in the Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin

断裂带	井号	nC₂₁⁻/nC₂₂⁺	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/(nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	Pr/Ph	ω(A)/(μg·g⁻¹)	B	C	D	E	R_c1/%	R_c2/%	R_c3/%	R_c4/%	Q/%
北段	HD32-H1	2.27	2.66	0.81	101.56	0.56	0.62	12.96	1.82	0.82	0.75	0.77	0.78	9.6
	HD32	2.65	3.07	0.79	16.89	0.57	0.60	16.76	2.31	0.85	0.80	0.83	0.83	10.7
	MS506H	2.32	2.75	0.83	107.40	0.55	0.59	20.84	2.83	0.87	0.83	0.86	0.85	9.4
	MS504H	2.57	2.90	0.81	46.96	0.56	0.60	29.32	4.27	0.94	0.93	0.97	0.94	9.8
	MS504-H2	2.60	2.76	0.92	22.13	0.45	0.57	29.34	5.19	0.96	0.97	1.01	0.98	10.6
	MS501H	3.52	10.99	0.76	16.55	0.59	0.68	27.76	5.01	0.98	1.00	1.03	1.00	16.3
中段	MS5	3.21	4.21	0.78	13.99	0.56	0.57	53.75	8.40	1.04	1.10	1.14	1.09	19.0
	MS502H	3.21	4.83	0.82	4.70	0.55	0.56	42.74	8.01	1.01	1.08	1.13	1.07	20.0
	MS503H	3.00	4.44	0.84	3.37	0.64	0.62	17.68	4.72	1.09	1.18	1.21	1.16	13.1
	MS301H	2.68	3.38	0.84	8.47	0.48	0.66	29.55	7.22	1.06	1.16	1.20	1.14	11.9
	MS3	3.20	4.40	0.80	0.92	0.63	0.60	30.08	7.17	1.08	1.18	1.22	1.16	12.8
南段	MS1	3.60	6.14	0.87	1.32	0.53	0.53	34.90	8.20	1.22	1.13	1.20	1.18	16.1
	MS2	3.21	4.59	0.89	1.70	0.46	0.74	35.80	8.26	1.05	1.16	1.21	1.14	17.0
	MS4-H2	3.11	4.62	0.90	7.29	0.61	0.58	44.95	8.94	1.12	1.24	1.31	1.22	13.6
	MS4	2.56	2.85	0.86	1.44	0.54	0.77	42.62	8.72	1.10	1.24	1.30	1.21	14.2
注：Pr. 姥鲛烷；ph. 植烷；A. C₂₉ ααα 20R 甾烷；B. C₂₉ ββ/(αα + ββ)甾烷；C. C₂₉ 20S/(20S + 20R)甾烷；D. 4-MDBT/1-MDBT；E. 2,4-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT；MDBT. 甲基二苯并噻吩；DMDBT. 二甲基二苯并噻吩；R_c1，R_c2，R_c3，R_c4. 原油等效镜质体反射率；R_c1=0.6×MPI₁+0.4，MPI₁. 甲基菲指数，计算公式据文献[19]；R_c2=(−0.166+2.242F₁−0.112+3.739F₂)/2，F₁和F₂. 甲基菲分布系数，计算公式据文献[20]；R_c3=0.5946 ln(MPR)+0.9728，MPR. 甲基菲比值，计算公式据文献[21]；R_c4=(R_c1+R_c2+R_c3)/3；Q. 气洗正构烷烃损失量^[22]；下同

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