准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩品质差异性分析

孙中良; 张奎华; 宋振响; 于洪洲; 王斌; 宋梅远; 李志明; 曹婷婷

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240153

准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩品质差异性分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240153

孙中良^{1, 2, 3, ,},
张奎华⁴,
宋振响^{1, 2, 3},
于洪洲⁵,
王斌^{1, 2, 3},
宋梅远⁵,
李志明^{1, 2, 3},
曹婷婷^{1, 2, 3}

1 .
页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，江苏无锡 214126
2 .
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所，江苏无锡 214126
3 .
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室，江苏无锡 214126
4 .
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257015
5 .
中国石化胜利油田分公司，山东东营 257015

基金项目: 国家自科（42090020）；国家重点实验室项目（KLP24017）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：sunzhl8188.sykg@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 20
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-09
- 录用日期: 2024-07-16
- 修回日期: 2024-07-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-26

Quality difference analysis of source rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

SUN Zhongliang^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Kuihua⁴,
SONG Zhenxiang^{1, 2, 3},
YU Hongzhou⁵,
WANG Bin^{1, 2, 3},
SONG Meiyuan⁵,
LI Zhiming^{1, 2, 3},
CAO Tingting^{1, 2, 3}

1 .
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, RIPEP, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
2 .
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
3 .
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
4 .
Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China
5 .
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：sunzhl8188.sykg@sinopec.com

摘要

摘要:
哈山地区二叠系风城组页岩油勘探势头良好，多口页岩油探井取得突破。哈山地区风城组主要沉积陆源碎屑岩相、白云质混积岩相、含火山碎屑混积岩相和含碱性矿物混积岩相4类岩相，并发育多类型烃源岩。为进一步评价哈山地区风城组烃源岩品质及影响因素，以沉积背景入手，分岩相对风城组烃源岩进行精细评价，明确优质烃源岩的发育岩相，并在此基础上对烃源岩品质的影响因素进行分析，明确勘探方向。结果表明，哈山地区风城组含火山碎屑混积岩相泥页岩有机质丰度最好，白云质混积岩相泥页岩的生烃潜量最优，哈山地区风城组泥页岩干酪根主体为Ⅰ型-Ⅱ型，哈山西段泥页岩成熟度范围在0.8%～0.97%，哈山中段成熟度主要在1.2%～1.37%。哈山地区风城组烃源岩品质主要受沉积环境、生烃母质、成熟度、碱性矿物以及火山作用控制。白云质混积岩相、含碱性矿物混积岩相有机质在深水、还原环境、中−高盐度以及干燥条件下更为富集，陆源碎屑岩相以及含火山碎屑混积岩相在相对浅水、贫氧、低盐度、干旱-半干旱环境下有机质更为富集。沉积中心区高盐度区发育的绿藻（类杜氏藻）具有更高的油气转化率，使白云质混积岩相泥页岩在低丰度的有机质下具有较高的生烃潜量。成熟度以及碱性矿物的增加均会导致TOC、生烃潜量的测试值降低，适量的火山碎屑为有机质富集的有利条件。
- 哈山地区 /
- 风城组 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 生烃母质 /
- 碱性矿物 /
- 火山作用
Abstract: <p>The exploration of shale oil in the Permian Fengcheng Formation Hashan area shows <bold>promising momentum</bold>, with breakthroughs achieved in multiple shale oil exploration wells. Early research indicates that the Fengcheng Formation in the Hashan area is mainly composed of four lithofacies: terrigenous clastic lithofacies, dolomitic mixed lithofacies, volcanic clastic-bearing mixed lithofacies, and alkaline mineral-bearing mixed lithofacies, with <bold>the development of various types of source rocks</bold>. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective
To further evaluate the quality of source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation of the Hashan area and the factors influencing their quality,
Methods
this study starts with the sedimentary background, conducts a detailed evaluation of the source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation by lithofacies, identifies lithofacies with high-quality source rocks, and on this basis, analyzes the factors affecting source rock quality to clarify the directions for exploration.
Results
The results show that among the mudstones in the Fengcheng Formation of the Hashan area, the volcanic clastic-bearing mixed lithofacies exhibits the highest organic matter abundance, while the dolomitic mixed lithofacies has the greatest hydrocarbon generation potential. The kerogen of the mudstones in the Fengcheng Formation of the Hashan area is mainly Type I–II. The maturity of mudstones in the western section of Hashan ranges from 0.8% to 0.97%, and in the middle section, it is mainly between 1.2% and 1.37%.
Conclusion
The quality of source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation of the Hashan area is mainly controlled by sedimentary environment, hydrocarbon-generating parent material, maturity, alkaline minerals, and volcanic activity. Organic matter in dolomitic mixed lithofacies and alkaline mineral-bearing mixed lithofacies is more enriched in deep-water, reducing, medium-to-high salinity, and arid environments. In contrast, organic matter in terrigenous clastic lithofacies and volcanic clastic-bearing mixed lithofacies is more enriched in relatively shallow-water, oxygen-poor, low-salinity, and arid–semi-arid environments. Green algae (Dunaliella-like) that developed in high-salinity areas of the sedimentary center exhibit higher oil and gas conversion rates, enabling the mudstones of dolomitic mixed lithofacies to have high hydrocarbon generation potential even with low organic matter abundance. An increase in maturity and alkaline minerals reduces the measured values of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and hydrocarbon generation potential, while an appropriate amount of volcanic clastics provides favorable conditions for the enrichment of organic matter.
- Hashan area /
- Fengcheng Formation /
- Source rock /
- hydrocarbon generation parent material /
- alkaline minerals /
- volcanism

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图 1 准噶尔盆地哈山地区区域位置（a）、综合柱状图（b）以及构造特征（c）（据文献[21]改动）

Figure 1. Regional location (a), comprehensive histogram (b) and structural characteristics (c) of Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 2 准噶尔盆地哈山地区各井位沉积相展布

Figure 2. Distribution of sedimentary facies at each well location in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 3 准噶尔盆地哈山地区岩相组合特征与发育层位

Figure 3. Lithofacies association characteristics and developmental horizon in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 4 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩有机质丰度特征

Figure 4. Organic matter abundance characteristics of source rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 5 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩生烃潜量特征

Figure 5. Hydrocarbon generation potential characteristics of source rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 6 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩有机质类型特征

Figure 6. Organic matter type characteristics of source rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 7 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组泥页岩成熟度特征

Figure 7. Maturity characteristics of mud shale in Fengcheng Formation, Hasan area, Junggar Basin

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图 8 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组HS5井中三角洲外前缘陆源碎屑岩相主要岩性及有机质丰度特征

a. 灰色块状泥质粉砂岩，远砂坝沉积，3925 m，Ⅲ型w（TOC）=0.46%；b. 深灰色块状粉砂质泥岩，远砂坝沉积，3928.2 m，Ⅱ₂型w（TOC）=1.15%；c. 深灰色纹层状泥岩，间湾沉积，3930.3 m，Ⅱ₁型w（TOC）=1.62%

Figure 8. Sedimentary lithology and organic matter abundance characteristics of the outer delta front in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 9 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组三角洲外前缘沉积微相特征

Figure 9. Sedimentary microfacies characteristics of the outer delta front in Fengcheng Formation, Hasan area, Junggar Basin

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图 10 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组不同岩相古环境特征

Figure 10. Different lithofacies paleoenvironmental characteristics of Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 11 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组成烃生物

a. HS5井，4186.4 m，陆源碎屑混积岩相；b. HS5井，4642.8 m，含碱性矿物混积岩相；c. HS5井，3929.28 m，陆源碎屑岩相；d. HS5井，4458.45 m，白云质混积岩相；e. FN7井，4340 m，白云质混积岩相^[27]；f. HS5井，4455.95 m，白云质混积岩相

Figure 11. Hydrocarbon organisms in Fengcheng Formation, Hasan area, Junggar Basin

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图 12 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组生物-环境协同演化模式（据文献[30]修改）

Figure 12. Bioenvironmental co-evolution model of Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 13 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组特殊环境对有机质丰度的影响

Figure 13. Influence of special environment of Fengcheng Formation on organic matter abundance in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 14 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组含碱性矿物混积岩相泥页岩分离碱性矿物前后TOC对比

Figure 14. TOC comparison before and after stripping of alkaline minerals from the mixed lithofacies mudshale in Fengcheng Formation, Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 15 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组烃源岩有机质成熟度（a）以及不同成熟度下生烃潜力特征（b）

Figure 15. Maturity of organic matter (a) and hydrocarbon generation potential characteristics of source rocks (b) in Fengcheng Formation, Hasan area, Junggar Basin

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表 1 准噶尔盆地哈山地区不同岩相泥页岩有机岩石学特征

Table 1. Organic petrological characteristics of shale with different lithofacies in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

沉积相	岩相	岩性	深度/m	腐泥组	镜质组	惰质组	壳质组	固体沥青
沉积相	岩相	岩性	深度/m	$\varphi_{\rm B} $/%
三角洲外前缘	陆源碎屑岩相	泥质粉砂岩	3924.90	0	18.4	6.1		75.5
		粉砂质泥岩	3927.31	0	81.4	10.7		7.9
		泥岩	3929.28	47.6	28.7	10.8	6.7
		泥岩	3930.24	46.3	28.3	14.1	3.8	7.5
滨浅湖	白云质混积岩相	白云质泥岩	4455.95	5	61.1	30.2	8.7
滨浅湖	白云质混积岩相	白云质泥岩	4470.15	0	74.5	17.6	0	7.9
滨浅湖	含火山碎屑混积岩相	沉凝灰质泥岩	5130.75	0	67.5	20	5.6
滨浅湖	含火山碎屑混积岩相	含凝灰质白云质泥岩	5131.69	0	61.7	24.4	3.5	10.4
半深湖−深湖	含碱性矿物混积岩相	含碱性矿物云质泥岩	4642.80	0	66.3	16.9	0	16.8
半深湖−深湖	含碱性矿物混积岩相	含碱性矿物云质泥岩	4645.00	0	48.5	27.3	0	24.2

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