走滑型断溶体形成机制与油气成藏研究进展

王露露; 代宗仰; 李阳; 高洋; 任铌; 郭子家

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240149

走滑型断溶体形成机制与油气成藏研究进展

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240149

王露露^1, ,,
代宗仰¹,
李阳^{1, 2},
高洋¹,
任铌¹,
郭子家¹

1.
西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院，成都 610500
2.
中国石油辽河油田分公司，辽宁盘锦 124010

基金项目: 中国石油−西南石油大学创新联合体项目“深层碳酸盐岩规模储层形成、改造机理及优质储集区带预测”（2020CX010301）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：1724663853@qq.com

中图分类号: P618.13
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- 文章访问数: 474
- PDF下载量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-08
- 录用日期: 2024-07-31
- 修回日期: 2024-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-27

Research progress on formation mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation of strike-slip fault-karst reservoir

WANG Lulu^{1
, ,},
DAI Zongyang¹,
LI Yang^{1, 2},
GAO Yang¹,
REN Ni¹,
GUO Zijia¹

1.
School of Geoscisence and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2.
Liaohe Oilfield of CNPC, Panjin Liaoning 124010, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：1724663853@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
断溶体在国内多数盆地普遍发育，其资源量巨大，已经成为地学界研究的热点课题。但由于其埋藏深、勘探难度大，对断溶体的圈闭划分、形成机制、发育控制因素观点不一，亟需形成一致的认识。首先回顾了断溶体的基本概念，指出其具有埋藏深、非均质性强、流体性质差异大等特点，并强调了走滑断层在油气储集和运移中的重要作用。通过对塔里木盆地顺北地区及其他地区的地质数据进行分析，揭示了断溶体的圈闭类型、形成机制及其控藏因素。研究认为走滑断层的分段性、溶蚀流体的活动以及烃类的及时侵位对断溶体油气藏的发育至关重要。此外，研究了大气淡水、热液流体和烃类流体在储层改造中的作用，及如何共同影响断溶体油气藏的形成和分布。总结了断溶体油气藏的成藏模式。本研究有助于开拓新的油气勘探领域和方向。
- 断溶体 /
- 圈闭类型 /
- 形成机制 /
- 控藏作用 /
- 走滑断层 /
- 成藏模式
Abstract:
[Significance] Fault-karst systems are widely developed in many basins in China and have become a new hot topic in geoscience due to the huge petroleum resources. However, the reservoirs of fault-karst systems are typically deeply buried and challenging to explore, resulting in an urgent need for a consensus understanding of trap classification, formation mechanisms, and controlling factors. [Progress and Conclusions] Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper deeply discusses the formation mechanism of fault-karst reservoirs, which are fracture-vuggy carbonate systems formed by karstification influenced by multi-stage tectonic activities. First, the basic concept of the fault-karst reservoir is reviewed. The fault-karst reservoirs are characterized by deep burial, strong heterogeneity, and significant variations in fluid properties. Then, the critical role of strike-slip faults in hydrocarbon accumulation and migration is emphasized. Based on the analysis of geological data in the Shunbei area and other regions of the Tarim Basin, this paper reveals the trap types, formation mechanisms, and reservoir-controlling factors of the fault-karst reservoir. The analysis concludes that the segmentation of strike-slip faults, the activity of solvent fluid, and the timely emplacement of hydrocarbons are crucial to the development of fault-karst reservoir. Furthermore, the roles of atmospheric freshwater, hydrothermal fluids, and hydrocarbon fluids in reservoir reconstruction are discussed, illustrating how they jointly affect the formation and distribution of fault-karst reservoir. Finally, the paper summarizes the reservoir-forming models of the fault-karst reservoir. [Prospects] The discovery and ongoing research into fault-karst reservoirs have unveiled a new and promising frontier for petroleum exploration.
- fault-karst reservoir /
- trap type /
- formation mechanism /
- reservoir control /
- strike-slip fault /
- accumulation model

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图 1 塔河地区奥陶系断溶体野外露头^[4]

Figure 1. Ordovician outcrop of fault-karst reservoir in the Tahe area

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图 2 塔河油田托甫台区奥陶系断溶体结构层次划分（据文献[23]修改）

a. 第1层次，走滑断层综合影响下的断溶体范围；b. 第2层次，断溶体内破碎程度高、溶蚀作用强的综合影响范围；c. 第3层次，断溶体内部缝洞带单元；d. 第4层次，大型洞穴內部填充，从下至上依次为角砾充填、砂岩充填、泥岩充填、碳酸盐岩充填、砂岩充填及无充填部分。洞穴内的填充情况十分复杂，在不同的沉积环境下洞穴的填充序列各不相同。$ {\rm{T}}^{4}_{7}.$中奥陶统一间房组顶面地震反射界面；$ {\rm{T}}^{6}_{7}.$ 中−下奥陶统鹰山组顶面地震反射界面；$ {\rm{T}}^{8}_{7}.$下奥陶统蓬莱坝组顶面地震反射界面；$ {\rm{T}}^{0}_{8}.$寒武系顶面地震反射界面；$ {\rm{T}}^{0}_{9}.$震旦系顶面地震反射界面；下同

Figure 2. Structure division of Ordovician fault-karst reservoir in the Tofutai area, Tahe Oilfield

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图 3 断溶体圈闭类型及特征^[25]

Figure 3. Trap types and characteristics of fault-karst reservoir

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图 4 塔河地区圈闭类型实例（据文献[25]修改；$ {\rm{T}}^{2}_{7}.$上奥陶统良里塔格组顶面地震反射界面）

Figure 4. Examples of trap types in the Tahe area

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图 5 断溶体储层形成机制（据文献[7，10，27，29]修改）

a. 塔河油田奥陶系断溶体形成机制；b. 川西南井研地区灯影组断溶体形成机制；c. 川中地区中二叠统断溶体形成机制；d. 断溶体形成模式。O₃qr. 奥陶系恰尔巴克组；O₂yj. 奥陶系一间房组；O_1-2y. 奥陶系鹰山组；O₁p. 奥陶系蓬莱坝组；P₂m. 二叠系茅口组；P₂q. 二叠系栖霞组；Є. 寒武系，下同

Figure 5. Formation mechanism of fault-karst reservoir

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图 6 塔里木盆地奥陶系断溶体储层流体改造机制（据文献[48]修改）

Z₁s. 震旦系苏盖提布拉克组；Z₂q. 震旦系奇格布拉克组；S-D. 志留系−泥盆系；O₃l. 奥陶系良里塔格组；Є₁. 下寒武统；Є₃. 上寒武统

Figure 6. Fluid transformation mechanism in the Ordovician fault-karst reservoir of the Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔河南岸地区(a)和塔北地区(b)断溶体成藏模式示意图

Figure 7. Petroleum accumulation model in the strike-slip fault-karst reservoir of the south bank area of the Tahe River (a) and Tabei area (b)

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图 8 顺北油田走滑断裂带不同分段样式油气成藏与富集模式（据文献[14]修改）

Figure 8. Petroleum accumulation and enrichment models in the strike-slip fault zone of the Shunbei Oilfield

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