鄂尔多斯盆地北部新召地区山西组砂岩储层压力演化与低压成因

景海杰; 王琳霖; 任克雄; 叶云飞; 刘宇坤; 陈芳; 马立元; 侯宇光

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240130

鄂尔多斯盆地北部新召地区山西组砂岩储层压力演化与低压成因

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240130

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室，武汉 430074
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
3.
宜昌市夷陵区自然资源和规划局，湖北宜昌 443100

基金项目: 中国石化科技部项目（P21088-2）；国家自然科学基金项目（41772143）

详细信息

作者简介:
景海杰：E-mail：jinghaijie@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：sporthyg@126.com

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- 文章访问数: 184
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-29
- 录用日期: 2024-07-31
- 修回日期: 2024-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-09

Pressure evolution and underpressure generation in the Shanxi sandstone reservoirs of the Xinzhao area, northern Ordos

1.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
3.
The Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Yiling District, YichangHubei, 443100, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：jinghaijie@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：sporthyg@126.com

摘要

摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地北部新召地区上古生界砂岩储层富含天然气且普遍发育异常低压，针对古压力演化以及现今异常低压形成机理认识尚不够深入，制约了致密砂岩气成藏规律的认识和增储上产。本研究运用流体包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼分析技术，综合分析了山西组二段储层中油气充注历史，获取了成藏关键时期的古压力；利用盆地模拟法恢复了古压力演化史，建立了古流体压力演化与油气充注的耦合关系，并进一步探讨了异常低压成因与致密气成藏的成因联系。研究表明：（1）研究区山二段CO₂包裹体捕获于距今170～180 Ma，此时烃源岩处于中−低成熟阶段，甲烷包裹体捕获于距今138～121 Ma的生烃高峰期；（2）山二段储层在早侏罗世开始发育超压，并在早白垩世末规模达到最大，古压力及古压力系数约为50 MPa和1.31；（3）由于温度降低、孔隙反弹和气体扩散等因素造成山二段地层压力降低分别约占总地层压力下降幅度的49%，14.5%和36.5%。山二段储层经历了常压−中等超压−常压−低压的演变过程，生烃增压与压力传导是古超压形成的主要原因，温度降低和天然气扩散是山二段异常低压形成的主控因素。
- 致密砂岩气 /
- 古压力演化 /
- 低压成因 /
- 山二段 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: Objective
The Upper Paleozoic sandstone reservoirs in the Xinzhao area, northern Ordos Basin are rich in natural gas and characterized by underpressure. The mechanisms of paleo-pressure evolution and underpressure formation are unclear, constraining the understanding of tight sandstone gas accumulation and the enhancement of natural gas production.
Methods
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the petroleum charging history in the second member of the Shanxi Formation using fluid inclusion petrographic observation, micrometry, and laser Raman analysis. Subsequently, we obtained the paleo-pressure during the key period of reservoir formation. The paleo-pressure evolution history was reconstructed by the basin simulation method, and the coupling relationship between paleo-fluid pressure evolution and petroleum charging was established. The relationship between the causes of underpressure and tight gas accumulation is further discussed.
Results
The results indicate that: (1) CO₂ was captured in the second member of the Shanxi Formation in the Xinzhao area from 170 to 180 Ma, when the source rock was in the middle to low maturity stage, and the methane inclusion was captured in the peak of hydrocarbon generation from 138 to 121 Ma. (2) Overpressure in the second member of the Shanxi Formation began to develop in the Early Jurassic and reached a maximum paleo-pressure and paleo-pressure coefficient of 50 MPa and 1.31, respectively, by the end of the Early Cretaceous. (3) The decrease in formation pressure in the second member of the Shanxi Formation, caused by temperature decrease, pore rebound, and gas diffusion, accounted for 49%, 14.5%, and 36.5% of the total formation pressure decrease, respectively.
Conclusion
The tight gas reservoir of the second member in the Shanxi Formation has undergone a pressure evolution process from normal pressure to medium overpressure to normal pressure and finally to underpressure. Hydrocarbon generation supercharging and pressure conduction are the primary factors contributing to ancient overpressure. Temperature decrease and natural gas diffusion are the primary factors contributing to the formation of underpressure in the second member of the Shanxi Formation.
- tight sandstone gas /
- paleo-pressure evolution /
- underpressure generation /
- second member of the Shanxi Formation /
- Ordos basin

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图 1 研究区构造位置及上古生界地层综合柱状图

a. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造分区（据文献[15]修改）；b. 杭锦旗地区区带分布（据中石化内部资料）；c. 上古生界地层综合柱状图（据文献[17]修改）

Figure 1. Comprehensive Column Chart of Tectonic Position and Upper Paleozoic Strata in the Study Area

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图 2 新召地区致密砂岩石英颗粒流体包裹体发育及其形态特征

a. 愈合裂隙中串珠状分布CH₄包裹体和与其共生的盐水包裹体，单偏光，X3井3794.9 m，山二段；b. 带状分布的CH₄包裹体和CO₂包裹体，单偏光，X3井3794.9 m，山二段；c. 零散分布的CH₄包裹体和CO₂包裹体，单偏光，X3井3794.9 m，山二段；d. 甲烷包裹体和与其共生的盐水包裹体，单偏光，X3井3796.7 m，山二段；e. 带状分布的CH₄包裹体和与其共生的盐水包裹体，单偏光，X3井3796.7 m，山二段；f. CO₂包裹体和与其共生的盐水包裹体，J154井3523.4 m，单偏光，山二段

Figure 2. Distribution and morphological characteristics of fluid inclusions in quartz particles of tight sandstone in the Xinzhao area

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图 3 新召地区山二段流体包裹体均一温度分布直方图(a，c)和共生盐水包裹体均一温度−盐度交汇图(b，d)

Figure 3. The homogenization temperature distribution histogram of fluid inclusions (a，c) and the homogenization temperature-salinity intersection diagram of associated saline inclusions (b，d) in the second member of the Shanxi Formation in the Xinzhao area

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图 4 新召地区山二段气相包裹体激光拉曼谱图

a. CH₄包裹体激光拉曼谱图，300光栅，X3井；b. CH₄包裹体激光拉曼谱图，300光栅，J154井；c. CH₄包裹体校正拉曼谱图，1800光栅，X3井；d. CO₂包裹体拉曼谱图，1800光栅，X3井；e. CH₄包裹体校正拉曼谱图，1800光栅，J154井；f. CO₂包裹体拉曼谱图，1800光栅，J154井

Figure 4. Laser Raman spectra of gas-phase inclusions in the second member of Shanxi Formation in the Xinzhao area

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图 5 新召地区X3井埋藏史−热史−生烃史模拟

a. 新召地区X3井埋藏史；b. 新召地区X3井热史；c. 新召地区X3井生烃史；C. 石炭系；P. 二叠系；T. 三叠系；J. 侏罗系；K. 白垩系；E. 古近系；N. 新近系；Q. 第四系；C₂t. 上石炭统太原组；P₁s. 下二叠统山西组；P₂s. 上二叠统石盒子组；P₂sh. 上二叠统石千峰组；T₁l-T₁h. 下三叠统刘家沟组−和尚沟组；T₂c. 中三叠统铜川组；T₃y. 上三叠统延长组；J₁y. 下侏罗统窑坡组；J₂z-J₁a. 上侏罗统张家口组−下侏罗统安定组；K₁. 下白垩统；下同

Figure 5. Simulation of burial history-thermal history-hydrocarbon generation history of well J154 in the Xinzhao area

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图 6 新召地区山二段储层古压力演化史

Figure 6. History of reservoir paleopressure evolution in the second member of the Shanxi Formation, Xinzhao area

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图 7 新召地区山二段储层油气充注与压力演化

Figure 7. Petroleum charging and pressure evolution in the second member of the Shanxi Formation, Xinzhao area

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图 8 新召地区山二段异常低压成因模式图

a. 地层及油气运移模式；b. 温度降低低压成因模式；c. 孔隙回弹低压成因模式；d. 天然气体积膨胀模式

Figure 8. Model of under pressure generation in the second member of the Shanxi Formation, Xinzhao area

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表 1 均一温度数据可靠性分析

Table 1. Reliability analysis of homogeneous temperature data

包裹体类型	井号	置信区间/℃	中位数/℃	平均数/℃	相对标准偏差
CO₂包裹体	J79井	101.5～109.3	107.8	105.2	0.06
CO₂包裹体	J154井	105.8～119.5	111.0	111.9	0.07
CH₄包裹体	J154井	138.7～154.8	148.2	148.0	0.06
CH₄包裹体	X3井	141.9～148.3	148.3	144.7	0.03

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表 2 新召地区山二段甲烷包裹体密度及捕获压力计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of methane inclusion density and trapping pressure in the second member of the Shanxi Formation in the Xinzhao area

包裹体类型	井号	ΔCO₂/νCH₄/cm⁻¹	ρ/(g/cm³)	捕获温度/℃	捕获压力/MPa	压力系数
二氧化碳包裹体	J79井	104.3136	0.6723	107.8	33.53	1.25
		104.5361	0.7716	107.8	45.71	1.70
		104.2346	0.6359	107.8	30.40	1.13
	J154井	103.6685	0.3713	118.5	18.55	0.69
		104.1024	0.5741	118.5	28.84	1.07
		103.6686	0.3713	118.5	18.55	0.69
甲烷包裹体	X3井	2921.9937	0.1703	143.6	40.86	1.02
		2922.3414	0.1854	143.6	46.17	1.15
		2920.9502	0.1267	143.6	28.10	0.70
		2922.6894	0.2008	143.6	52.22	1.31
		2921.6460	0.1555	143.6	36.15	0.90
	J154井	2922.4952	0.1923	150.1	50.02	1.44
		2922.1482	0.1767	150.1	44.10	1.27
		2921.8010	0.1615	150.1	38.94	1.12
		2921.4540	0.1469	150.1	34.42	0.99
注：压力计算测点数共计36个，此处省略包裹体密度相同的测点；ΔCO₂，νCH₄分别为经公式1和公式2校正后的CO₂包裹体的费米双峰间距和甲烷包裹体的拉曼散射峰波数

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表 3 盆地模拟中的相关地质参数

Table 3. Relevant geological parameters in basin simulation

井号		X3井					J154井
晚白垩世以来地层剥蚀厚度/m		525					540
古地表温度/℃		15					15
现今地表温度/℃		15					15
古热流值	地质年代/Ma	225	170	120	85	50	230	180	125	95	50
古热流值	热流值/mW/m²	53.86	55.43	61.99	59.85	50.76	55.00	57.57	71.91	58.32	49.93
现今热流值/mW/m²		48.43					45.58
现今实测压力/MPa		31.93					37.73

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