塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系天然气地球化学与成因

曹自成; 云露; 平宏伟; 李海英; 耿锋; 韩俊; 黄诚; 毛庆言; 丁勇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240099

塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系天然气地球化学与成因

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240099

曹自成^1,,
云露¹,
平宏伟^2, ,,
李海英¹,
耿锋¹,
韩俊¹,
黄诚¹,
毛庆言¹,
丁勇¹

1 .
中国石化西北油田分公司乌鲁木齐 830011
2 .
中国地质大学（武汉）构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42072176；42272169）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹自成：E-mail：caozc.xbsj@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：howping@qq.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 297
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-18
- 录用日期: 2024-07-02
- 修回日期: 2024-06-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-02

Geochemistry and origin of Ordovician natural gas in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin

1 .
The Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
2 .
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：caozc.xbsj@sinopec.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：howping@qq.cn

摘要

摘要:
经历多年勘探，顺北地区走滑断裂带陆续取得了油气突破，形成北部油藏、南部凝析气藏、东部过渡到干气藏的油气类型和相态分布格局。因此，从整体油气分布讨论其天然气成因机制、来源和热成熟度，对下一步超深层油气勘探持续推进具有重要参考意义。通过系统采集不同断裂带天然气样品、对顺北地区天然气地球化学特征进行了详细剖析。研究结果表明：除断裂带局部存在较强的热化学硫酸盐还原作用（TSR）改造外，顺北地区天然气总体受TSR改造较小。顺北1号和5号带北段和中段天然气主要为来自干酪根初次裂解的原油伴生气，而5号带南段和4号带天然气主要为早期干酪根裂解气（油伴生气）与晚期原油裂解气的混合。顺北12号带天然气则为深部高温原油裂解气成因，原油裂解级别达到湿气裂解。研究区天然气主要来自下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩，生气母质具有底栖藻类或者底栖藻类和浮游藻类混源特征。最终，建立了针对玉尔吐斯组烃源岩生烃过程甲烷碳同位素热成熟度回归方程。研究结果可为下一步超深层天然气成因、来源和热成熟度分析提供重要参考。
- 顺托果勒低隆起 /
- 原油裂解 /
- 天然气 /
- 热成熟度 /
- 玉尔吐斯组
Abstract: Objective
After years of exploration, significant oil and gas breakthroughs have been achieved in the strike-slip fault zones in the northeast of the Shunbei area, leading to the formation of hydrocarbon types and phase distribution patterns characterized by oil reservoirs in the north, condensate gas reservoirs in the south, and dry gas reservoirs in the east. Therefore, it is crucial to discuss the genesis mechanism, source, and thermal maturation of the gas from the perspective of overall oil and gas distribution to further advance ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.
Methods
This study systematically collects gas samples from different fault zones to analyze the geochemical characteristics of natural gas in the Shunbei area. The geochemical characteristics of natural gas are analyzed in detail to understand its genesis and thermal maturation.
Results
The results indicate that natural gas in the Shunbei area is minimally affected by TSR, with some parts of the fault zones showing strong modification by thermal-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The natural gases in the No. 1 fault zone and in the northern and middle sections of the No. 5 fault zone are primarily crude oil-associated gases from primary kerogen cracking. In contrast, the natural gases in the southern section of the No. 5 fault zone and the No. 4 fault zone are mainly mixtures of early kerogen cracking gas (oil-associated gas) and late crude oil cracking gas. The natural gas in the Shunbei No. 12 fault zone originates from deeper, high-temperature crude oil cracking gas, with crude oil cracking having reached the wet gas stage. The natural gases in the study area predominantly come from the source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Yurtus Formation, and the parent material of these gases is characterized by benthic algae or a mixed source of benthic algae and planktonic algae. Finally, a regression equation for thermal maturity calculation based on the carbon isotope of methane is established during the process of hydrocarbon generation in the source rocks of the Yurtus Formation.
Conclusion
The research findings provide important insights into the origin, source, and thermal maturity of ultra-deep gas, offering valuable references for future studies on hydrocarbon generation in the Shunbei area.
- Shuntuoguole Lower Uplift /
- oil cracking /
- natural gas /
- thermal maturity /
- Yurtus Formation

HTML全文

图 1 顺北地区走滑断裂和油气井分布图（绿色字体井位为受明显TSR改造的样品井）

Figure 1. Distribution of strike-slip faults and oil and gas wells in the Shunbei area

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图 2 顺北地区不同断裂带天然气甲烷碳同位素和干燥系数分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of methane carbon isotope and drying coefficient of natural gas in different fault zones in the Shunbei area

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图 3 顺北地区天然气中H₂S成因判识（TSR. 热化学硫酸苗还原作用；下同）

Figure 3. Identification of H₂S genesis in natural gas in the Shunbei area

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图 4 δ¹³C₂−δ¹³C₃和C₂/C₃图板识别天然气成因（图版据文献[24]）

Figure 4. Origin identification of natural gas in the Shunbei area using δ¹³C₂−δ¹³C₃ and C₂/C₃

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图 5 ln(C₁/C₂)和ln(C₂/C₃)图板识别天然气成因（据文献[23]修改）

Figure 5. Origin identification of natural gas in the Shunbei area using ln(C₁/C₂) and ln(C₂/C₃)

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图 6 甲烷和乙烷碳同位素图板识别气源岩干酪根类型

Figure 6. Kerogen type identification of gas source rock in the Shunbei area using methane and ethane carbon isotopes

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图 7 顺北地区和塔里木盆地北部坳陷天然气正丁烷相对含量和其碳同位素关系图

Figure 7. Relationship between relative content of n-butane and its carbon isotope in the natural gas from the Shunbei area and the Northern Depression, Tarim Basin

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图 8 塔里木盆地玉尔吐斯组烃源岩干酪根碳同位素和顺北地区天然气来源母质碳同位素分布

Figure 8. Carbon isotope distribution of kerogen in the source rocks of the Yurtus Formation and the carbon isotope distribution of the parent material of natural gas source in the Shunbei area

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图 9 顺北地区甲烷碳同位素与其伴生油等效镜质体反射率关系图

Figure 9. Relationship between methane carbon isotope and its associated oil equivalent vitrinite reflectance in Shunbei area

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表 1 塔里木盆地顺北地区不同断裂带天然气组分含量及烃类气体碳同位素组分数据表

Table 1. Chemical and isotopic compositions of natural gases from different fault zones in the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

井号	深度/m（斜深）	层位	ρ（H₂S）/（mg·m⁻³）	组分摩尔分数x_B/%									干燥系数	δ¹³C_PDB/‰
井号	深度/m（斜深）	层位	ρ（H₂S）/（mg·m⁻³）	N₂	CO₂	C₁	C₂	C₃	iC₄	nC₄	iC₅	nC₅	干燥系数	C₁	C₂	C₃	iC₄	nC₄
SHB1-3CX	7274～7389.51	O₂yj	8901	3.9	1.9	86.8	4.7	1.7	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.92	−47.0	−32.1	−33.9	−34.6	−33.9
SHB1 CX	7269.54～7320	O₂yj	21329	1.6	11.0	84.2	2.4	0.4	0.0	0.1			0.97	−44.7	−33.1	−30.8	−31.3	−29.8
SHB1-8H	7415.50～7844.78	O₂yj	1466	1.8	10.4	74.1	7.8	3.4	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.85	−47.2	−33.8	−31.2	−31.9	−30.7
SHB1-1H	7458～7613.05	O₂yj	12390	1.5	2.7	82.9	7.6	3.4	0.7	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.87	−46.4	−36.1	−36.0	−39.4	−35.0
SHB1-4H	7459～8255.51	O₂yj	9689	2.2	2.3	80.4	9.0	4.0	0.7	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.84	−47.0	−33.8	−31.6	−35.2	−29.4
SHB1-14	7589～7710	O₂yj	14768	4.7	2.1	76.3	10.9	4.0	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.82	−48.9	−36.2	−34.1	−36.1	−33.5
SHB4-10H	7499～8261	O₂yj	−	4.1	2.6	85.4	4.8	1.8	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.91	−45.0	−34.6	−33.6	−32.5	−32.2
SHB44X	7493.49～8261.69	O₂yj	17662	0.5	6.6	80.6	7.3	2.7	0.5	1.1	0.2	0.3	0.87	−45.7	−33.7	−30.9	−32.0	−30.7
SHB43X	7558～7995	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	6546	0.2	7.9	83.3	5.7	2.0	0.4	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.91	−47.0	−33.4	−29.6	−30.4	−28.7
SHB4-9H	7600～8110.17	O₂yj+O_1-2y	28089	0.6	1.5	89.7	4.2	1.5	0.4	1.0	0.4	0.6	0.92	−47.1	−33.2	−30.3	−31.5	−30.6
SHB4-6H	7571.75～8356.02	O₂yj+O_1-2y	−	3.9	4.7	82.8	4.8	1.9	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.91	−46.9	−34.5	−32.1	−33.0	−31.3
SHB45X	7664～8845	O₂yj+O_1-2y	3967	0.2	7.4	82.7	5.0	2.0	0.5	1.1	0.4	0.6	0.90	−47.0	−33.0	−29.4	−30.8	−29.1
SHB4-4H	7551.02～8587.04	O₂yj+O_1-2y	9397	0.2	11.3	80.9	4.4	1.4	0.4	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.91	−47.5	−32.6	−28.4	−29.9	−27.9
SHB4-2H	7551.02～8587.04	O₂yj+O_1-2y	17057	0.1	11.2	82.9	3.3	1.0	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.93	−47.6	−31.3	−26.5	−27.8	−26.4
SHB4	7777～7950	O₂yj+O_1-2y	58372	1.9	9.0	86.2	1.9	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.97	−44.2	−29.9	−27.5	−26.2	−26.5
SHB4-12H	7603.2～8080	O₂yj+O_1-2y	−	5.5	5.3	85.5	2.5	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.96	−47.1	−32.7	−29.7	−30.7	−28.7
SHB4-3H	7386～8179.64	O₂yj+O_1-2y	18967	0.2	11.6	84.8	2.5	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.96	−46.9	−33.5	−28.9	−30.4	−28.1
SHB4-1H	7094～8036.61	O₂yj	−	0.4	16.2	77.7	3.5	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.93	−47.4	−34.4	−29.8	−31.9	−30.1
SHB4-1H	7094～8036.61	O₂yj	−	2.1	13.8	69.4	5.5	3.4	1.4	2.0	1.2	1.1	0.83	−48.4	−36.3	−31.3	−32.6	−31.3
SHS1X	7278～8090.93	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1313	3.5	3.5	90.3	1.7	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.97	−44.4	−31.3	−29.0	−29.9	−28.0
SHB5	7315～7950.06	O₂yj+O_1-2y	115	5.8	8.1	54.5	18.0	9.4	1.1	2.2	0.4	0.5	0.63	−48.9	−39.3	−35.6	−34.6	−33.4
SHB5-1X	7553.64～7871	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1286	9.4	2.3	59.5	16.1	8.3	1.2	2.2	0.4	0.4	0.67	−50.1	−39.4	−36.1	−35.8	−34.6
SHB51X	7753.64～7876	O₂yj	144	3.3	2.1	71.0	14.6	6.1	0.9	1.4	0.3	0.3	0.75	−49.6	−35.0	−32.5	−33.1	−31.8
SHB5-10	7639～8143	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1400	5.5	2.4	77.8	9.6	3.1	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.85	−50.9	−36.4	−34.2	−34.8	−33.1
SHB5-9	7648～7839	O₂yj+O_1-2y	16532	0.0	47.8	47.6	3.0	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.91	−49.4	−34.3	−31.7	−32.1	−31.7
SHB53X	7740～8342	O₂yj	1850	5.0	6.5	74.5	7.9	3.1	0.7	1.4	0.4	0.5	0.84	−47.7	−33.4	−31.7	−31.4	−30.4
SHB55XC	8020～8697	O₂yj	21955	0.9	19.0	74.4	3.6	1.0	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.93	−47.3	−32.1	−29.3	−31.2	−29.2
SHB53-6	7847～8458.24	O₂yj+O_1-2y	−	65.8	1.5	30.5	1.6	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.93	−47.7	−31.1	−28.6	−29.7	−28.9
SHB56X	7756～9300	O₂yj+O_1-2y	151448	1.6	19.6	78.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.00	−45.6	−26.3	−	−	−
SHB61X	7726.77～8543.51	O₂yj+O_1-2y	2527	3.9	1.8	79.0	7.8	3.9	1.3	1.5	0.5	0.3	0.84	−45.9	−33.3	−31.1	−33.0	−30.6
SHB6X	7950～8132.2	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1135	1.3	1.6	90.7	4.0	1.2	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.93	−44.5	−	−	−	−
SHB84X	8400～9195	O₂yj+O_1-2y	7562	1.7	2.1	86.6	5.8	2.1	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.90	−	−	−	−	−
SHB83X	7726.77～8543.51	O₂yj+O_1-2y	8332	1.2	1.9	87.6	5.2	2.3	0.6	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.90	−	−	−	−	−
SHB802X	7827.4～8396.55	O₂yj+O_1-2y	6647	5.3	2.0	87.6	3.2	1.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.95	−42.1	−33.2	−32.0	−32.5	−30.7
SHB8X	7737.5～8396	O₂yj+O_1-2y	335	3.8	2.2	88.5	3.7	1.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.94	−42.4	−33.6	−31.7	−32.4	−31.7
SHB801X	7691～9145	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1465	1.7	5.6	84.8	5.1	1.4	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.92	−	−	−	−	−
SHB803X	7659～8110	O₂yj+O_1-2y	3303	2.1	3.1	88.2	3.9	1.1	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.93	−	−	−	−	−
SHB82X	7617～8262	O₂yj+O_1-2y	3900	1.3	2.5	88.6	4.6	1.3	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.92	−	−	−	−	−
SHB81X	7466～8308	O₂yj+O_1-2y	16350	0.4	4.2	93.0	1.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.98	−	−	−	−	−
SHB122X	7527.76～8287	O₂yj+O_1-2y	127	4.5	9.5	85.3	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.99	−41.4	−	−	−	−
SHB12X	7289.68～8520	O₂yj+O_1-2y	227	3.5	9.1	87.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.00	−41.4	−	−	−	−
注：O₂yj. 中奥陶统−间房组；O_1-2y. 中−下奥陶统鹰山组

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表 2 顺北地区典型干酪根裂解气伴生原油热成熟度计算

Table 2. thermal maturity calculations of crude oil associated with kerogen-cracking gas in Shunbei area

井号	R_oc1/%	R_oc2/%	R_oc3/%	均值R_o/%	δ¹³C_1，PDB/%
SHB1-3	1.04	1.07	1.14	1.08	−47.0
SHB1-4H	1.15	1.05	1.16	1.12	−47.0
SHB53X	0.95	1.13	1.14	1.07	−47.7
SHB5-1X	0.85	0.80	0.93	0.86	−50.1
SHB4-10	1.54	1.40	1.31	1.42	−45.0
SHB44X	1.23	1.23	1.20	1.22	−45.7
SHB45X	1.23	1.19	1.14	1.19	−47.0
SHB61X	1.21	1.29	1.19	1.23	−45.9
注明：R_oc1=0.6*MPI1+0.4 (R_o<1.35%)^[65]，MPI1（甲基菲指数1）=1.5(2-MP+3-MP)/(P+1-MP+9-MP)，P为菲，MP为甲基菲；R_oc2=0.5946lnMPR+0.9728^[66]，MPR=(2-MP+3-MP)/(1-MP+9-MP)；R_oc3=0.99lgMPR'+0.94^[65]，MPR'=(2-MP)/(1-MP)

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