基于露点水势仪与滤纸法的盐渍土蒸发过程中吸力动态规律

金玉; 陈文岭; 王铭森; 禹治红; 刘延锋

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240065

基于露点水势仪与滤纸法的盐渍土蒸发过程中吸力动态规律

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240065

金玉^1,,
陈文岭¹,
王铭森^{1, 2},
禹治红¹,
刘延锋^1, ,

1 .
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430078
2 .
中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心（华北地质科技创新中心），天津 300170

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42272306；42372290）

详细信息

作者简介:
金玉：E-mail：jinyu2021@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：liuyf@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU448
计量
- 文章访问数: 114
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-27
- 录用日期: 2024-05-15
- 修回日期: 2024-03-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-15

Dynamic law of suction during the evaporation process of saline soil based on dew point water potential meter and filter paper method

JIN Yu^1
,,
CHEN Wenling¹,
WANG Mingsen^{1, 2},
YU Zhihong¹,
LIU Yanfeng^{1
, ,}

1 .
School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
2 .
Tianjin Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey (North China Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center), Tianjin 300170, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：jinyu2021@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：liuyf@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为获取盐渍土蒸发过程中总吸力、基质吸力及渗透吸力的大小，阐明不同水盐条件下各吸力动态变化特征及其对蒸发的影响，将冷镜露点水势仪（WP4C）和并行接触式滤纸法相结合，对不同含盐量土壤蒸发过程中总吸力、基质吸力与渗透吸力的动态过程及其对土壤蒸发的影响进行了分析；选取4种常用土壤水分特征曲线模型，利用SWRC-Fit对基质吸力与含水量之间的关系进行了拟合。结果表明：盐渍土在蒸发过程中基质吸力与渗透吸力占总吸力的比例不断发生变化，相同含水率下渗透吸力占比始终大于基质吸力；含水率与盐分均会影响土壤渗透吸力的大小，其中盐分的影响更显著。土壤蒸发强度及持续时间均会受到土壤盐分影响。通过WP4C与并行接触式滤纸法可以同时获取蒸发过程中非饱和土壤的总吸力、基质吸力与渗透吸力，Fredlund and Xing（FX）模型能够较好地拟合实验蒸发过程中的实测数据，在蒸发各阶段均有较好拟合精度，也进一步证明了实验方法与数据的可靠性。
- 盐渍土 /
- 蒸发 /
- 渗透吸力 /
- 基质吸力 /
- 露点水势仪 /
- 滤纸法
Abstract: Objective
In order to obtain total suction, matric suction and osmotic suction during the evaporation process of saline soil, the dynamic variation characteristics of each suction force under different water and salt conditions and its influence on evaporation were clarified.
Methods
A combination of a cold mirror dew point water potential meter and a parallel contact filter paper method was employed to analyze the dynamic processes of total suction, matric suction, and osmotic suction during soil evaporation with different salt contents, as well as their effects on soil evaporation. Four commonly used soil water characteristic curve models were selected, and the relationship between matric suction and water content was fitted by SWRC-Fit package.
Results
The results indicate that the proportion of matric suction and osmotic suction to total suction continuously changes during the evaporation process of saline soil, with the latter always being higher than the former. Both moisture content and salinity affect the magnitude of soil osmotic suction, with salinity showing a more significant impact. The intensity and duration of soil evaporation are both affected by soil salinity.
Conclusion
Total suction, matric suction and osmotic suction in unsaturated soil during the evaporation process can be simultaneously obtained by WP4C and parallel contact filter paper method. The Fredlund and Xing model accurately fits the experimental data, maintaing good fitting accuracy throughout all evaporation stages, which further proves the reliability of the experimental method and data.
- saline soil /
- evaporation /
- osmotic suction /
- matric suction /
- dew point water potential meter /
- filter paper method

HTML全文

图 1 不同初始NaCl溶液质量浓度（IC）各吸力变化关系曲线

试样 N-0，N-5，N-10，N-25，N-50，N-100的初始 NaCl 溶液质量浓度（IC）分别为 0，5，10，25，50，100 g/L，下同

Figure 1. Curve of suction variation for different initial NaCl solution mass concentration

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图 2 各吸力百分比柱状堆积图

Figure 2. Stacked bar chart of each suction percentage

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图 3 各吸力在不同初始 NaCl 溶液质量浓度（IC）下的土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）

Figure 3. Soil water characteristic curve of each suction under different initial NaCl solution mass concentration

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图 4 表层盐结晶

Figure 4. Salt crystals on the soil surface

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图 5 累计蒸发量 (a) 和体积含水率 (b) 随时间变化曲线

Figure 5. Cumulative evaporation (a)，volumetric water content (b) curves over time

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图 6 土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）模型拟合对比图

AB段. 过渡区；BC段. 非饱和残余区；下同

Figure 6. Fitting diagram of soil water characteristic curve model

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表 1 实验土基本参数

Table 1. Basic parameters of test soil

砂粒	粉粒	黏粒	美国制土壤定名	干密度/ （g·cm⁻³）	饱和含水率/%	电阻率（EC）/ （μS·cm⁻¹）
w_B/%			美国制土壤定名	干密度/ （g·cm⁻³）	饱和含水率/%	电阻率（EC）/ （μS·cm⁻¹）
50.77	49.04	0.19	砂质壤土	1.45	47.05	225

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表 2 常用的土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）模型

Table 2. Commonly used soil water characteristic curve models

SWCC模型	年份	模型表达式	参数	参数含义
Brooks and Corey (BC)	1964	$ \displaystyle\frac{{\theta (h) - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}}{{{\theta _{\mathrm{s}}} - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}} = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{\left(\displaystyle\frac{{{h_b}}}{h}\right)}^{\lambda} },h > {h_{\mathrm{b}}}} \\ {1,h < {h_{\mathrm{b}}}} \end{array}} \right. $	h_b，λ	h_b为进气吸力值，cm；λ为土壤孔隙尺寸分布参数，影响SWCC的斜率
Van Genuchten (VG)	1980	$ \displaystyle\frac{{\theta (h) - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}}{{{\theta _{\mathrm{s}}} - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}} = {\left[ {\displaystyle\frac{1}{{1 + {{(\alpha h)}^n}}}} \right]^m} $	α，n，m	α为空气进气值的倒数，1/cm；n为与土壤的孔径分布有关参数； m为与模型的不对称性有关参数，m=1−1/n
Fredlund and Xing (FX)	1994	$ \displaystyle\frac{{\theta (h)}}{{{\theta _{\mathrm{s}}}}} = C\left( h \right){\left[ {\displaystyle\frac{1}{{\ln [{\mathrm{e}} + {{\left( {h/a} \right)}^{n'}}]}}} \right]^{m'}} $	a，n'，m'	C(h)为修正因子；e为自然常数；a为与土壤进气值有关参数；n'为与SWCC的斜率有关参数，是表征土脱水速率相关的参数；m'为与残余含水率有关参数
Kosugi（KS）	1996	$ \displaystyle\frac{{\theta (h) - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}}{{{\theta _{\mathrm{s}}} - {\theta _{\mathrm{r}}}}} = \displaystyle\frac{1}{2}erfc\left[\displaystyle\frac{{\ln (h/{h_{\mathrm{m}}})}}{{\sqrt 2 \sigma }}\right] $	h_m，σ	erfc为互补误差函数；h_m 为中孔半径对应的吸力；σ为对数转换土壤孔隙半径和毛管压力正态分布的标准偏差。
注：θ(h)为土壤张力(h)下的体积含水率；θ_s为饱和含水率；θ_r为残余含水率；下同

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表 3 土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）模型决定系数（R²）

Table 3. Coefficient of determination of soil water characteristic curve models

SWCC模型	试样编号						平均值
SWCC模型	N-0	N-5	N-10	N-25	N-50	N-100	平均值
BC模型	0.9875	0.9947	0.9745	0.9944	0.9936	0.9764	0.9869
VG模型	0.9977	0.9903	0.9743	0.9969	0.9952	0.9912	0.9909
FX模型	0.9983	0.9945	0.9877	0.9968	0.9956	0.9945	0.9946
KS模型	0.9961	0.9855	0.9639	0.9964	0.9914	0.9872	0.9868

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表 4 土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）模型参数

Table 4. Soil water characteristic curve model parameters

SWCC模型	参数	试样编号
SWCC模型	参数	N-0	N-5	N-10	N-25	N-50	N-100
BC模型	θ_s	0.4189	0.4047	0.4566	0.4054	0.4165	0.4331
	θ_r	0.0798	0.0985	0.1005	0.1092	0.0956	0.1041
	h_b	54.29	84.00	63.69	115.74	89.82	96.29
	λ	0.5494	0.5621	0.6614	0.6809	0.6220	0.4920
VG模型	θ_s	0.4394	0.4477	0.6221	0.4295	0.5617	0.4414
	θ_r	0.1059	0.1131	0.1085	0.1229	0.1046	0.1289
	α	0.0103	0.0095	0.0204	0.0056	0.0145	0.0052
	n	2.0476	1.7855	1.8100	2.0860	1.7656	1.9598
	m	0.5116	0.4399	0.4475	0.5206	0.4336	0.4897
FX模型	θ_s	0.4362	0.4185	0.4275	0.4461	0.4565	0.4159
	θ_r	0.0796	1.00×10⁻¹⁰	1.13×10⁻²³	0.1203	4.24×10⁻²	7.08×10⁻²
	a	98.11	104.57	100.08	245.60	106.68	191.54
	m'	1.1536	0.4860	0.3650	2.1934	0.7224	0.6819
	n'	2.0338	2.7364	6.4658	1.5116	2.3887	2.6836
KS模型	θ_s	0.4554	0.5038	0.6221	0.4426	0.5898	0.4860
	θ_r	0.1125	0.1222	0.1197	0.1301	0.1170	0.1340
	h_m	152.33	163.13	96.75	275.26	128.63	277.00
	σ	1.1070	1.5433	1.3981	1.0572	1.4950	1.2944
注：参数含义见表2

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表 5 不同初始 NaCl 溶液质量浓度（IC）试样分段拟合赤池信息量准则值（AIC）

Table 5. Akaike information criterion for segmented fitting of different initial NaCl solution mass concentration

试样分段	SWCC模型	试样编号
试样分段	SWCC模型	N-0	N-5	N-10	N-25	N-50	N-100
AB段	BC模型	−47.2651	−50.2044	−44.2010	−42.6631	−47.7821	−37.8055
	VG模型	−83.6666	−48.8321	−44.4647	−40.4575	−45.8076	−34.5711
	FX模型	−85.3985	−51.0529	−46.8448	−42.4888	−47.8737	−36.6249
	KS模型	−80.3509	−50.3871	−45.6695	−42.3189	−47.5579	−36.3778
BC段	BC模型	−18.6699	−6.9495	−16.1246	−6.5038	−8.7567	−4.6833
	VG模型	−18.5223	−5.6207	−13.5710	−5.1978	−7.7703	−4.0508
	FX模型	−21.7756	−7.6994	−16.3383	−7.1818	−10.0928	−5.5888
	KS模型	−19.0465	−7.7593	−14.7271	−7.1471	−9.1259	−6.5904

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