湟水河流域矿泉水水化学分布特征及界限指标来源分析

胡峰; 刁玉山; 何钟强; 黄鑫; 邓斌; 罗安平; 孟越; 张子茵

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240055

湟水河流域矿泉水水化学分布特征及界限指标来源分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240055

胡峰^1,,
刁玉山^2, ,,
何钟强²,
黄鑫²,
邓斌¹,
罗安平¹,
孟越¹,
张子茵¹

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430078
2.
青海省水文地质工程地质环境地质调查院青海省水文地质及地热地质重点实验室，西宁 810001

基金项目: 青海省地质矿产开发局局计划科研和生产项目（DCY2023SW01（SK））

详细信息

作者简介:
胡峰：E-mail：1467364298@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：1142712931@qq.com

中图分类号: P641.5
计量
- 文章访问数: 220
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-14
- 录用日期: 2024-05-17
- 修回日期: 2024-05-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-27

Characteristics of hydrochemical distribution and source analysis of threshold value elements of mineral water in Huangshui River catchment

1.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
2.
Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Environmental Geology Survey, Key Laboratory of Hydrogeology and Geothermal Geology, Xining 810001, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：1467364298@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：1142712931@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
天然矿泉水不仅是宝贵的矿产资源，还能够为地表水环境系统（例如湿地与河岸带）提供补给水源，在保持生态系统多样化方面扮演重要角色。发源于青海省海晏、湟源的湟水河流域内发现了大量富锶矿泉水，少量泉水同时富含锂和偏硅酸。然而，目前对矿泉水中这些界限指标的来源及其相关水化学演化过程尚缺乏研究，同时个别采样点存在限量指标超标的情况，直接影响了矿泉水的开发利用，是亟待解决的问题。以青海湟水河流域为研究区，通过采集流域内天然泉水样品，采用水文地球化学分析及物质迁移模拟方法揭示矿泉水水化学特征与成因机制，这对理解湟水河流域地下水水化学演化过程具有重要意义。结果表明：研究区地下水样品中大部分达到了国家饮用天然矿泉水的标准，且Sr质量浓度全部大于0.2 mg/L，少数样品富含锂和偏硅酸。水化学分析结果表明，地下水从补给区到排泄区，其水化学类型逐渐从HCO₃-Ca·Mg型过渡到SO₄-Na型，这是地下水在运移过程中不断溶解石膏层的结果。从Sr与${\mathrm{HCO}}^{-}_3 $、$ {\mathrm{SO}}^{2-}_4 $和Cl⁻的相关性分析表明，碳酸盐岩对地下水Sr质量浓度的贡献程度有限；相反，由于Ca与Sr化学性质相似，在矿物中易发生原子交换，从而石膏层或蒸发岩类矿物中可能富集含Sr矿物，此类岩层在水岩作用下会释放一定量的Sr。地下水中Li的来源主要与古咸水湖沉积环境有关，过量的偏硅酸则来源于地热水在深循环过程中溶滤的铝硅酸盐矿物。对物质迁移模拟分析表明，在北部流径上，地下水主要溶解石膏、石盐和伊利石，而天青石和锂辉石的溶解贡献了Sr和Li；在南部流径上，石膏和石盐的溶解导致高总溶解固体（TDS）值，且去白云石化过程显著。研究成果能够为矿泉水资源的合理开发利用和保护提供科学依据。
- 天然矿泉水 /
- 界限指标 /
- 水文地质成因 /
- 湟水河流域 /
- 青海省
Abstract: <p>Natural mineral water is not only a valuable mineral resource but also an essential water source for surface water systems (e.g., wetlands and riparian zones), which are critical for maintaining biodiversity. A significant amount of strontium-rich mineral water has been discovered in the Huangshui River catchment, which originates in Haiyan and Huangyuan, Qinghai Province, with some springs also containing lithium and metasilicic acid. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective
However, studies on the genesis of threshold-value elements and the related hydrochemical evolution processes are limited. Furthermore, some sampling points have exceeded the threshold values, directly affecting the development and utilization of mineral water, presenting an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.
Methods
This study focuses on the Huangshui River catchment as a target area, employing hydrogeochemical and modeling methods to uncover the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of mineral water. Spring samples from the catchment were collected to gain insights into the hydrogeochemical processes within the groundwater system of the Huangshui River catchment.
Results
Most groundwater samples in this study area meet the national drinking natural mineral water standards, with strontium concentrations exceeding 0.2 mg/L, and some samples are enriched with lithium and metasilicic acid. Hydrogeological results show that groundwater moving from the recharge area to the discharge area undergoes a transition in hydrochemical types, from HCO₃-Ca·Mg to SO₄-Na, which results from the dissolution of gypsum in groundwater. The relationships between Sr and major anions such as ${\mathrm{HCO}}^-_3 $, ${\mathrm{SO}}^{2-}_4 $, and Cl⁻ indicate that carbonates contribute minimally to the Sr concentration in groundwater. Instead, gypsum layers likely contain Sr-bearing minerals due to the ion exchange between Ca and Sr. These Sr-bearing minerals are responsible for the high Sr concentration in groundwater. The genesis of Li and Si in groundwater can be explained by the ancient salt lake sedimentary environment for lithium, and the dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals for metasilicic acid. Inverse modeling indicates that the groundwater primarily dissolves gypsum, rock salt, and illite, while the dissolution of azurite and lithium pyroxene contributes to the strontium and lithium concentrations in the northern catchment. The dissolution of gypsum and halite, combined with the dedolomitization process, leads to the high total dissolved solids (TDS) in the groundwater of the southern catchment.
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the exploration and preservation of mineral waters.
- natural mineral water /
- threshold value element /
- hydrogeological mechanism /
- Huangshui River catchment /
- Qinghai Province

HTML全文

图 1 青海省湟水河流域水文地质图及采样点

Figure 1. Hydrogeological map and sampling points of Huangshui River catchment in Qinghai Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 青海省湟水河流域地下水样品Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper's trilinear diagram of groundwater samples in Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地下水样品离子相关关系图(a～c)和石膏与方解石的饱和指数相关关系图(d)

Figure 3. Correlation diagram of ion of groundwater samples (a−c) and correlation diagram of the saturation index of gypsum and cal (d)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 研究区地下水Sr与TDS(a)、${\mathrm{HCO}}^-_3 $(b)、${\mathrm{SO}}^{2-}_4 $(c)以及Cl⁻(d)质量浓度相关关系图

Figure 4. Correlation diagrams between the concentration Sr with TDS (a), ${\mathrm{HCO}}^-_3 $ (b), ${\mathrm{SO}}^{2-}_4 $ (c) and Cl⁻ (d) of groundroater concentrations in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 青海省湟水河流域地下水现场物理指标

Table 1. On-site physical indicators of groundwater in Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	地理位置	水温/℃	感官要求
			色度/(°)	浑浊度/(°)	滋味气味	状态
			≤10	NTU≤1	无	透明
HSQ01	湟中区李家山镇饮用天然矿泉水	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ02	湟中区	4	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ03	湟中区	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ04	湟中区	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ06	湟中区田家寨镇阴坡村黑沟峡	11	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ07	湟中西堡葛一村	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ08	湟中西堡葛一村	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ09	湟中区	38	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ10	湟中区田家寨子沟峡	18.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ11	湟中区田家寨子沟峡	15.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ12	互助县红崖子沟米子弯	9.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ13	互助县佑宁寺矿泉水	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ14	互助县南门峡镇西山根村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ15	互助县东山乡大庄村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ16	互助县东山乡大泉村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ17	互助县东山乡哈家沟村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ18	平安县冰岭山村	20～25	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ19	平安区佛岭饮用天然矿泉水	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ20	平安区上尧村	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ21	平安县洪水泉乡下马圈村	9.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ24	大通县景阳乡天然饮用矿泉水	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ25	大通县向化乡下滩村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ26	大通县向化乡上滩村	5.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ27	大通县药水庄天然饮用矿泉水	5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ30	西宁市共字桥	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ31	城中区泉尔湾村	10	<5	<0.5	无臭微咸	无
HSQ32	海晏县文迦牧场	3	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ33	海晏县甘子河达玉村	51	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ34	湟中区门旦峡	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ35	湟源县加牙麻村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
注：NTU. nephelometric turbidity unit，是一种国际公认的浊度测量单位

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 青海省湟水河流域地下水界限指标

Table 2. Groundwater threshold value elements of Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	Li	Sr	Zn	Se	偏硅酸	游离CO₂	总溶解固体(TDS)
泉点编号	界限指标ρ_B/(mg·L⁻¹)
HSQ01	0.009	0.846	<0.0008	<0.00025	12.7	4.07	790
HSQ02	0.005	0.304	0.001	<0.00025	9.17	1.02	518
HSQ03	0.011	0.491	0.002	<0.00025	16.0	1.02	520
HSQ04	0.011	0.510	0.004	<0.00025	15.3	2.03	670
HSQ06	0.005	0.311	0.017	<0.00025	7.4	145.00	846
HSQ07	0.010	0.442	<0.0008	<0.00025	9.07	4.47	455
HSQ08	0.011	0.387	<0.0008	<0.00025	9.21	2.23	458
HSQ09	0.028	0.448	0.004	<0.00025	31.3	113.00	1904
HSQ10	0.011	0.341	<0.0008	<0.00025	15.8	132.00	1435
HSQ11	0.013	0.380	<0.0008	<0.00025	17.6	232.00	1496
HSQ12	0.038	2.432	0.016	<0.00025	13.2	4.47	1624
HSQ13	0.004	0.417	0.028	<0.00025	6.06	3.35	516
HSQ14	0.010	0.428	0.004	<0.00025	13.0	5.08	533
HSQ15	0.010	0.490	0.003	<0.00025	9.89	1.02	541
HSQ16	0.016	0.610	0.008	<0.00025	13.2	2.03	705
HSQ17	0.014	0.711	0.002	<0.00025	11.2	4.07	696
HSQ18	0.447	2.827	0.025	<0.00025	14.8	79.20	6713
HSQ19	0.016	0.702	<0.0008	<0.00025	12.8	6.03	693
HSQ20	0.118	2.135	0.020	<0.00025	22.1	141.00	4302
HSQ21	0.349	9.818	<0.0008	<0.00025	16.4	3.35	5734
HSQ24	0.007	0.479	0.002	<0.00025	11.3	5.08	662
HSQ25	0.007	0.313	0.002	<0.00025	9.35	7.81	442
HSQ26	0.003	0.307	0.0008	<0.00025	8.93	1.12	322
HSQ27	0.004	0.220	0.007	<0.00025	6.32	1.01	240
HSQ30	0.054	3.370	<0.0008	<0.00025	13.6	3.35	828
HSQ31	0.057	3.603	0.001	<0.00025	12.1	3.05	3542
HSQ32	0.005	0.428	0.007	<0.00025	12.9	1.01	607
HSQ33	0.051	0.437	0.003	<0.00025	45.6	20.10	890
HSQ34	0.006	0.372	0.004	<0.00025	12.5	3.05	764
HSQ35	0.003	0.312	<0.0008	<0.00025	8.58	2.01	346
注：界限值. ρ(Li)≥0.2，ρ(Sr)≥0.2，ρ(Zn)≥0.2，ρ(Se)≥0.01，ρ(偏硅酸)≥25，ρ(游离CO2)≥250，ρ(TDS)≥1000

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 青海省湟水河流域地下水限量指标

Table 3. Groundwater limit indicators for Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	Se	Sb	Cu	Ba	Cr	Mn	Ni	Ag	溴酸盐	硼酸盐	氟化物	耗氧量	挥发酚	氰	矿物油	阴离子合成洗涤剂	总β放射性/ (Bq·L⁻¹)
泉点编号	限量指标ρ_B/(mg·L)⁻¹																总β放射性/ (Bq·L⁻¹)
HSQ01	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.287	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.223	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.22
HSQ02	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.075	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.153	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.06
HSQ03	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.199	0.008	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.359	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.08
HSQ04	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.137	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.243	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ06	<0.00025	<0.00008	0.001	0.099	0.006	0.023	0.003	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.170	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.15
HSQ07	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.169	0.002	0.001	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.055	0.79	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ08	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.174	0.002	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.100	0.79	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ09	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.399	0.005	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	0.53	0.327	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	2.55
HSQ10	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.229	0.005	0.005	0.001	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.281	0.71	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.29
HSQ11	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.266	0.007	0.032	0.001	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.328	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.35
HSQ12	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.025	0.006	0.004	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.46	0.466	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.09
HSQ13	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.071	<0.00009	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.142	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ14	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.193	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.229	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.05
HSQ15	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.034	0.002	0.003	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.519	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ16	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.036	0.002	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.395	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ17	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.086	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.661	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.05
HSQ18	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.099	0.005	0.431	0.077	<0.00003	<0.005	2.82	1.110	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	6.8
HSQ19	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.204	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.428	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.03
HSQ20	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.044	0.005	0.305	0.012	<0.00003	<0.005	1.96	1.970	1.43	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ21	<0.00025	<0.00008	0.001	0.229	0.009	0.031	0.002	<0.00003	<0.005	2.51	1.860	2.3	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ24	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.154	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.130	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.06
HSQ25	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.156	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.114	0.63	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ26	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.193	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.075	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ27	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.197	<0.00009	0.001	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.092	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.16
HSQ30	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.63	0.014	0.050	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.29	0.789	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.04
HSQ31	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.009	0.018	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	1.41	0.826	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.28
HSQ32	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.048	<0.00009	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.175	3.01	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ33	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.131	<0.00009	0.058	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.44	2.940	1.35	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.24
HSQ34	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.156	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.146	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ35	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.152	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.145	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
注：限量值. ρ(Se)<0.05，ρ(Sb)<0.005，ρ(Cu)<1.0，ρ(Ba)<0.7，ρ(Cr)<0.05，ρ(Mn)<0.4，ρ(Ni)<0.02，ρ(Ag)<0.05，ρ(溴酸盐)<0.01，ρ(硼酸盐)<5，ρ(氟化物)<1.5，ρ(耗氧量)<2.0，ρ(挥发酚)<0.002，ρ(氰)<0.01，ρ(矿物油)<0.05，ρ(阴离子合成洗涤剂)<0.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 青海省湟水河流域地下水主要常量组分及水化学类型

Table 4. Main constant components and hydrochemical types of groundwater in huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	Sr	Ca	Mg	Na	K	重碳酸根	硫酸根	氯化物	硝酸根	pH	Fe	碳酸根	亚硝酸根	磷酸根	氟化物	总硬度	水化学类型
泉点编号	主要常量组分ρ_B/(mg·L⁻¹)																水化学类型
HSQ01	0.846	137	32.9	17.7	1.45	427	61.9	42.0	65.6	7.63	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.223	477.89	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ02	0.304	61.6	49.7	0.53	1.53	279	84.2	19.4	5.9	8.03	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.153	358.63	HCO₃·SO₄-Mg·Ca
HSQ03	0.491	84.9	25.7	4.76	0.46	365	17.1	4.91	12.6	8.12	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.359	317.89	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ04	0.510	128	20.8	15.7	0.85	377	63.3	35.4	41.5	7.65	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.243	405.52	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ06	0.311	135	53	3.84	2.47	559	82.4	2.53	2.71	6.86	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.170	556.31	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ07	0.442	59.6	34.9	4.68	2.05	278	44.4	11.4	14.4	7.81	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.055	292.47	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ08	0.387	58.8	37.1	6.41	2.19	284	39.6	10.8	13.2	7.85	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.100	299.57	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ09	0.448	330	91.6	9.49	2.35	1412	34.8	7.07	0.748	6.77	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.327	1202.35	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ10	0.341	270	59.9	5.16	2.21	1051	39.1	2.44	1.86	6.41	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.281	921.09	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ11	0.380	269	61.1	6.34	2.47	1090	39.0	2.46	0.772	6.41	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.328	924.20	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ12	2.432	162	81.9	187	18.7	412	524	174	47.9	7.4	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.466	740.78	SO₄-Na
HSQ13	0.417	93.8	23.5	2.84	3.08	228	139	7.45	0.557	7.6	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.142	331.15	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ14	0.428	92.6	22	8.61	1.95	338	32.3	12.3	17.0	7.62	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.229	321.99	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ15	0.490	57.1	25.5	51.6	3.06	326	41.9	21.3	14.4	7.96	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.519	247.58	HCO₃-Mg·Na·Ca
HSQ16	0.610	65.7	36.9	77.7	3.87	411	56.5	60.5	18.4	7.78	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.395	315.89	HCO₃-Mg·Na·Ca
HSQ17	0.711	84.1	34.9	42.4	3.38	415	39.2	33.6	49.1	7.64	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.661	353.57	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ18	2.827	508	364	677	18.1	3148	1394	292	<0.016	7.02	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.110	2766.38	HCO₃·SO₄-Na·Mg·Ca
HSQ19	0.702	87.7	33.4	41.7	12	378	85.7	28.9	12.9	7.78	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.428	356.63	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ20	2.135	720	150	155	43.8	2185	898	102	<0.016	7.17	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.970	2414.86	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
HSQ21	9.818	490	156	870	276	239	3212	450	56.1	7.65	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.860	1864.66	SO₄-Na
HSQ24	0.479	123	20	23.7	3.55	344	74.3	33.1	43.7	7.57	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.130	389.21	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ25	0.313	61.6	26.5	7.91	2.24	289	25.9	5.43	6.86	7.17	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.114	262.89	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ26	0.307	47.7	20.8	3.94	1.82	217	20.2	3.58	4.43	7.70	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.075	204.79	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ27	0.220	31	16.8	1.25	1.7	164	11.5	2.6	4.72	7.00	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.092	146.68	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ30	3.370	79.6	58.9	63.9	6.33	328	161	62.1	49.7	7.68	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.789	441.20	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ31	3.603	214	302	497	10.5	427	1081	837	92.7	7.81	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.826	1781.08	Cl-Na·Mg
HSQ32	0.428	107	19.1	15	3.89	358	33.6	15.7	28.2	8.13	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.175	345.42	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ33	0.437	120	55.2	14.4	9.4	533	95.0	6.23	<0.016	7.18	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	2.940	525.73	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ34	0.372	99.1	61.1	2.84	0.65	475	106	5.32	11.9	7.52	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.146	499.26	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
HSQ35	0.312	62.8	10.4	3.18	4.04	216	23.8	5.21	11.4	7.84	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.145	199.68	HCO₃-Ca

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 研究区HSQ27→HSQ15→HSQ12流径上水化学演化模拟结果

Table 5. Simulation results of hydrochemical evolution on the flow path HSQ27→HSQ15→HSQ12 in the study area

矿物名称	化学式	HSQ27→HSQ15	HSQ15→HSQ12
矿物名称	化学式	浓度转移量/（mol·L⁻¹）
钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈	1.81×10⁻³	−1.92×10⁻³
方解石	CaCO₃	4.07×10¹	4.29×10¹
天青石	SrSO₄	0	1.01×10⁻⁵
玉髓	SiO₂	0	0
白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂	−4.07×10¹	−4.29×10¹
萤石	CaF₂	6.46×10⁻⁶	−3.09×10⁻⁵
石膏	CaSO₄·2H₂O	7.10×10⁻⁵	3.80×10⁻³
石盐	NaCl	3.77×10⁻⁴	3.01×10⁻³
伊利石	K_0.6Mg_0.25Al_1.8Al_0.5Si_3.5	1.63×10²	1.72×10²
高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	−1.38×10²	−1.46×10²
白云母	KAl₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂	1.84×10⁻³	−1.54×10⁻³
菱锶矿	SrCO₃	−2.07×10⁻⁶	0
CO₂	CO₂	4.07×10¹	4.29×10¹
钾长石	KAlSi₃O₈	−9.77×10¹	−1.03×10²
锂辉石	LiAlSi₂O₆	1.44×10⁻⁶	1.21×10⁻⁶

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 研究区HSQ02→HSQ10→HSQ20→HSQ18流径上水化学演化模拟结果

Table 6. Simulation results of hydrochemical evolution on the flow path HSQ02→HSQ10→HSQ20→HSQ18 in the study area

矿物名称	化学式	HSQ02→HSQ10	HSQ10→HSQ20	HSQ20→HSQ18
矿物名称	化学式	浓度转移量/（mol·L⁻¹）
钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈	3.21×10⁻⁴	3.88×10⁻³	1.75×10⁻²
方解石	CaCO₃	2.62×10⁻³	1.50×10⁻³	0
天青石	SrSO₄	2.81×10⁻⁶	2.45×10⁻⁵	7.94×10⁻⁶
玉髓	SiO₂	−7.60×10¹	−1.10×10²	0
白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂	1.49×10⁻³	6.18×10⁻³	−9.58×10⁻³
萤石	CaF₂	6.13×10⁻⁶	5.20×10⁻⁵	−2.27×10⁻⁵
石膏	CaSO₄·₂H₂O	1.28×10⁻⁴	9.36×10⁻³	5.20×10⁻³
石盐	NaCl	−1.04×10⁻⁴	2.89×10⁻³	5.40×10⁻³
伊利石	K_0.6Mg_0.25Al_1.8Al_0.5Si_3.5	0	0	7.24×10⁻²
高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	3.80×10¹	5.49×10¹	−8.69×10⁻²
白云母	KAl₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂	−3.80×10¹	−5.49×10¹	1.69×10⁻²
菱锶矿	SrCO₃	0	0	0
CO₂	CO₂	1.02×10⁻²	2.19×10⁻²	3.51×10⁻²
钾长石	KAlSi₃O₈	3.80×10¹	5.49×10¹	−6.10×10⁻²
锂辉石	LiAlSi₂O₆	9.88×10⁻⁷	1.73×10⁻⁵	4.79×10⁻⁵

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(41)

[1]	BODOR K,TOKOS B,BODOR Z,et al. Hydro-geochemical characterization of the main European mineral water brands[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2023,122:105438. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105438
[2]	LI Y H,BIAN J M,LI J L,et al. Hydrochemistry and stable isotope indication of natural mineral water in Changbai Mountain,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology(Regional Studies),2022,40:101047.
[3]	陈皓龙,谢杰,宋武元,等. 安徽泾县榔桥镇马渡村饮用天然矿泉水成因及水化学特征研究[J]. 地下水,2023,45(5):50-52. CHEN H L,XIE J,SONG W Y,et al. Study on the origin and the water chemical characteristics of drinking natural mineral water in Madu Village,Langqiao Town,Jing County,Anhui Province[J]. Ground Water,2023,45(5):50-52. (in Chinese with English abstract
[4]	李云峰,张庆,周小平,等. 安庆大别山区矿泉水化学特征及成因模式[J]. 华东地质,2021,42(2):193-201. LI Y F,ZHANG Q,ZHOU X P,et al. Chemical characteristics and genetic model of mineral water in Dabie Mountain area of Anqing City[J]. East China Geology,2021,42(2):193-201. (in Chinese with English abstract
[5]	祁泽学,汪生斌,李祥坤,等. 柴达木盆地东缘天峻县阳陇沟天然饮用矿泉水成因分析[J/OL]. 宁夏大学学报(自然科学版):1-6[2025-03-05]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/64.1006.N.20230504.1505.016.html. QI Z X,WANG S B,LI X K,et al. Genetic analysis of natural drinking mineral water in Yanglonggou eastern of Qaidam Basin[J/OL]. Journal of Ningxia University(Natural Science Edition):1-6[2025-03-05]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/64.1006.N.20230504.1505.016.html. (in Chinese with English abstract
[6]	TOMASCAK P B,WIDOM E,BENTON L D,et al. The control of lithium budgets in island arcs[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,196(3/4):227-238.
[7]	党学亚,顾小凡,曾庆铭. 柴达木盆地矿泉水资源前景和开发利用条件[J]. 西北地质,2021,54(3):213-221. DANG X Y,GU X F,ZENG Q M. Prospect,development and utilization of the mineral water resources in Qaidam Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology,2021,54(3):213-221. (in Chinese with English abstract
[8]	刘延兵,张彦林,刘海生,等. 甘肃省河西地区锶矿泉水富集分布规律和水质特征分析[J]. 城市地质,2023,18(3):112-117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1903.2023.03.015 LIU Y B,ZHANG Y L,LIU H S,et al. Strontium mineral water enrichment,distribution and water quality characteristics in Hexi region of Gansu Province[J]. Urban Geology,2023,18(3):112-117. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1903.2023.03.015
[9]	侯利朋,赵振,王万平,等. 青海海东地区矿泉水的形成条件及特征分析[J]. 地下水,2016,38(5):44-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2016.05.017 HOU L P,ZHAO Z,WANG W P,et al. Formation conditions and characteristics of mineral water in Haidong area of Qinghai Province[J]. Ground Water,2016,38(5):44-46. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2016.05.017
[10]	韦华鹏,许伟林,罗银飞,等. 基于层次分析法的青海省矿泉水开发利用潜力评价[J]. 地下水,2022,44(4):1-4. WEI H P,XU W L,LUO Y F,et al. Evaluation of the development and utilization potential of mineral water in Qinghai Province based on the analytic hierarchy process[J]. Ground Water,2022,44(4):1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract
[11]	廖先远,胡雨柔. 青海曲海天然饮用富锶型矿泉水形成机制分析[J]. 四川地质学报,2017,37(4):592-595. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0995.2017.04.014 LIAO X Y,HU Y R. Genetic mechanism for the Sr-rich mineral water in Quhai,Qinghai[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,2017,37(4):592-595. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0995.2017.04.014
[12]	杨小波,张晓冬,陈海斌,等. 青海省大柴旦镇马海地区矿泉水水源地的水文地质特征分析[J]. 中国锰业,2018,36(6):75-77. YANG X B,ZHANG X D,CHEN H B,et al. An analysis on hydrogeologic characteristics of mineral water source in Mahai area of Qinghai Province[J]. China's Manganese Industry,2018,36(6):75-77. (in Chinese with English abstract
[13]	赵振,陈惠娟,罗银飞,等. 青海玉树热水沟天然矿泉水形成条件及水质分析[J]. 地下水,2013,35(6):4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2013.06.002 ZHAO Z,CHEN H J,LUO Y F,et al. A study on the formation condition and quality analysis of natural mineral water in Reshuigou in Qinghai[J]. Ground Water,2013,35(6):4-6. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2013.06.002
[14]	XUE F,TAN H B,ZHANG X Y,et al. Contrasting sources and enrichment mechanisms in lithium-rich salt lakes:A Li-H-O isotopic and geochemical study from northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geoscience Frontiers,2024,15(2):101768. doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101768
[15]	巴瑞寿,袁有靖,李文斌,等. 黄河流域化隆段天然矿泉水成因机理研究[J]. 人民黄河,2021,43(增刊1):57-59. BA R S,YUAN Y J,LI W B,et al. Study on genetic mechanism of natural mineral water in Hualong section of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Yellow River,2021,43(S1):57-59. (in Chinese with English abstract
[16]	APPELO C A J,POSTMA D. Geochemistry,groundwater and pollution[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2004.
[17]	陈万利,刘虹,王惠东,等. 安化县玉溪村地段矿泉水成因水文地球化学模拟分析[J]. 陕西水利,2023(10):89-91. CHEN W L,LIU H,WANG H D,et al. Hydrogeochemical simulation analysis of mineral water genesis in Yuxi Village,Anhua County[J]. Shaanxi Water Resources,2023(10):89-91. (in Chinese with English abstract
[18]	李义连,王焰新,周来茹,等. 地下水矿物饱和度的水文地球化学模拟分析:以娘子关泉域岩溶水为例[J]. 地质科技情报,2002,21(1):32-36. LI Y L,WANG Y X,ZHOU L R,et al. Hydrogeochemical modeling on saturation of minerals in groundwater:A case study at Niangziguan,northern China[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2002,21(1):32-36. (in Chinese with English abstract
[19]	何家宝,杨章贤. 砀山县浅层地下水盐分反向水文地球化学模拟研究[J]. 地下水,2021,43(4):56-58. HE J B,YANG Z X. Reverse hydrogeological simulation study of shallow groundwater salinity in Dangshan County[J]. Ground Water,2021,43(4):56-58. (in Chinese with English abstract
[20]	苏宏建,杨瑞,多晓松,等. 承德市矿泉水资源分布规律及其形成的地球化学条件[J]. 化工矿产地质,2019,41(1):27-34. SU H J,YANG R,DUO X S,et al. Distribution rules and geochemical conditions of mineral water resources in Chengde City[J]. Geology of Chemical Minerals,2019,41(1):27-34. (in Chinese with English abstract
[21]	文美霞,郑晓明,周爱国. 湖北省饮用天然矿泉水分布特征与赋存规律研究[J]. 安全与环境工程,2020,27(6):13-22. WEN M X,ZHENG X M,ZHOU A G. Study on the distribution characteristics and occurrence of drinking natural mineral water of Hubei Province[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2020,27(6):13-22. (in Chinese with English abstract
[22]	杨致萍,宋晨,金翔霖,等. 贵州六盘水太阳沟天然矿泉水特征与成因分析[J]. 地下水,2020,42(4):22-23. YANG Z P,SONG C,JIN X L,et al. Characteristics and cause analysis of natural mineral water in Liupanshui Taiyanggou,Guizhou Province[J]. Ground Water,2020,42(4):22-23. (in Chinese with English abstract
[23]	李翠明,彭红明,毛绪美,等. 地下水H、O、C同位素揭示的末次冰盛期以来青海东部岩溶发育响应[J]. 地球与环境,2023,51(6):583-592. LI C M,PENG H M,MAO X M,et al. Response of karstification in eastern Qinghai since the last glacial maximum revealed by groundwater H,O and C isotopes[J]. Earth and Environment,2023,51(6):583-592. (in Chinese with English abstract
[24]	胥彪. 晚中新世西宁盆地沉积演化及环境变化[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017. XU B. Sedimentary evolution and environmental changes in Xining Basin in Late Miocene[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2017. (in Chinese with English abstract
[25]	张海云,马海州,程怀德,等. 青海上庄含碳酸岩杂岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 盐湖研究,2024,32(2):62-71. doi: 10.12119/j.yhyj.202402009 ZHANG H Y,MA H Z,CHENG H D,et al. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of the Shangzhuang carbonate complex,Qinghai[J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research,2024,32(2):62-71. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12119/j.yhyj.202402009
[26]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水检验方法:GB8538-2022[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2022. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. Food safety national standard test methods for drinking natural mineral water:GB8538-2022[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2022. (in Chinese)
[27]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水:GB8537-2008[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. Food safety national standard for drinking natural mineral water:GB8537-2008[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2008. (in Chinese)
[28]	江峰,吉勤克补子,高峰,等. 贵州省饮用天然矿泉水化学特征及锶型矿泉水分布规律[J]. 地下水,2021,43(2):17-20. JIANG F,JI Q,GAO F,et al. Chemical characteristics and distribution law of strontium type natural mineral water for drinking in Guizhou Province[J]. Ground Water,2021,43(2):17-20. (in Chinese with English abstract
[29]	苏春田,罗飞,杨杨,等. 湖南新田富锶矿泉水形成机理浅析[J]. 中国矿业,2019,28(增刊1):347-348. SU C T,LUO F,YANG Y,et al. Analysis on the formation mechanism of strontium-rich mineral water in Xintian,Hunan Province[J]. China Mining Magazine,2019,28(S1):347-348. (in Chinese with English abstract
[30]	杨文亮,蒲秀超,曹振东. 贵州纳雍县沙包镇下木村富锶矿泉水成因分析及开采量计算[J]. 矿产与地质,2023,37(4):823-830. YANG W L,PU X C,CAO Z D. Origin analysis and mining quantity calculation of strontium-rich mineral water of Xiamu Village,Shabao Town,Nayong County,Guizhou[J]. Mineral Resources and Geology,2023,37(4):823-830. (in Chinese with English abstract
[31]	李辉,翟星,刘硕,等. 冀东都山地区富锶矿泉水锶的运移与赋存特征分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,2021,21(2):458-464. LI H,ZHAI X,LIU S,et al. Analysis on the migration of strontium and occurrence characteristics of the strontium mineral water in Dushan area,eastern Hebei Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2021,21(2):458-464. (in Chinese with English abstract
[32]	刘硕,马百衡,翟星,等. 华北克拉通北缘典型高锶花岗岩区域锶型矿泉水分布特征及成因[J]. 科学技术与工程,2021,21(5):1721-1729. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2021.05.007 LIU S,MA B H,ZHAI X,et al. Distribution characteristics of strontium mineral water in the typical high-Sr granite area in the northern margin of the North China Craton[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2021,21(5):1721-1729. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2021.05.007
[33]	DUGAMIN E J M,RICHARD A,CATHELINEAU M,et al. Groundwater in sedimentary basins as potential lithium resource:A global prospective study[J]. Scientific Reports,2021,11(1):21091. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99912-7
[34]	LI Y L,MIAO W L,HE M Y,et al. Origin of lithium-rich salt lakes on the western Kunlun Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from hydrogeochemistry and lithium isotopes[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2023,155:105356. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105356
[35]	KESLER S E,GRUBER P W,MEDINA P A,et al. Global lithium resources:Relative importance of pegmatite,brine and other deposits[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2012,48:55-69. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.05.006
[36]	陈晨,闫庆贺,章荣清,等. 锂的圈层循环与资源富集过程:从高原盐湖到造山带伟晶岩[J]. 岩石学报,2024,40(2):591-604. doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2024.02.13 CHEN C,YAN Q H,ZHANG R Q,et al. Lithium mineralization in plateau brines and orogen pegmatites:A lithium cycling perspective[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2024,40(2):591-604. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2024.02.13
[37]	张亚峰,姬丙艳,沈骁,等. 西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的形成机理及意义[J]. 物探与化探,2023,47(2):470-476. ZHANG Y F,JI B Y,SHEN X,et al. Formation mechanisms and significance of saline-lacustrine Se-rich soils in the Xining Basin[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2023,47(2):470-476. (in Chinese with English abstract
[38]	BLOUNT C W,DICKSON F W. Water-rock interactions and the chemical evolution of a paleozoic groundwater system[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1971,35(4):401-419.
[39]	何锦,马雪梅,邓启军,等. 河北省张北县新生代玄武岩偏硅酸矿泉水化学特征及成因[J]. 中国地质,2023,50(6):1887-1902. doi: 10.12029/gc20201027001 HE J,MA X M,DENG Q J,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of metasilicate mineral water in a Cenozoic basaltic aquifer in Zhangbei County,Hebei Province[J]. Geology in China,2023,50(6):1887-1902. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12029/gc20201027001
[40]	史乐,李婷,杜引鱼,等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区石炭系火山岩风化壳储层分带性及勘探方向[J/OL]. 地质科技通报:1-12[2025-01-24]. https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240018. SHI L,LI T,DU Y Y,et al. Formation mechanism and characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic buried hill reservoirs in the northwest margin of LQ area in Junggar Basin[J/OL]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology:1-12[2025-01-24]. https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240018. (in Chinese with English abstract
[41]	冉倍,杨向荣,齐爽怡,等. 早志留世华南扬子地区大陆风化作用与上升洋流演化及其对龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集的指示[J/OL]. 地质科技通报:1-19. [2025-04-23]. https://doi.org/10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240678. RAN B,YANG X R,QI S Y,et al. The evolution of continental weathering and upwelling in Early Silurian and the implications for the organic matter accumulations in the shales of Longmxi Formation[J/OL]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology:1-19[2025-04-23]. https://doi.org/10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240678. (in Chinese with English abstract