华北平原古海侵事件导致浅层地下水咸化过程模拟

黄义鸿; 杨杰; 李和学; 刘强; 李俊霞

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230709

华北平原古海侵事件导致浅层地下水咸化过程模拟

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230709

黄义鸿^1,,
杨杰²,
李和学³,
刘强³,
李俊霞^1, ,

1 .
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430078
2 .
湖北省地质实验测试中心，武汉 430034
3 .
河北省地矿局第四水文工程地质大队，河北沧州 061000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42177067）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄义鸿：Email：yar1001826@163.com

通讯作者:
Email：jxli@cug.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-20
- 录用日期: 2024-04-24
- 修回日期: 2024-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-01

Numerical simulation of shallow groundwater salinization process induced by paleo-seawater transgression in North China Plain

1 .
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
2 .
Geological Experimental Testing Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430034, China
3 .
The Fourth Hydrological Engineering Geology Brigade of Hebei Geological and Mining Bureau, Cangzhou Hebei 061000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
Email：yar1001826@163.com

Corresponding author: Email：jxli@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了研究受到晚更新世和全新世海侵、现代海水入侵和蒸发作用共同影响下的地下水咸化过程，以沧州地区2个浅层含水层组作为研究对象，基于一系列古环境演化资料，运用SEAWAT软件建立了二维古水文地质模型，模拟了全新世以来地下水盐分的演化过程。结果表明：当今浅层地下水盐分的分布情况受到全新世海侵和海退事件的影响，来自古海侵的海水呈指状下渗，平均下渗速度达到23 mm/a，古海侵形成的咸水已下渗至地下−140～−160 m处。晚更新世海侵及全新世海侵事件中被捕获并储存的古海水仍然存在含水层中且未被完全淡化，滨海地区地下水盐分运移过程仍未到达平衡。古海侵形成的地下咸水仍以较低的速率持续下渗，地下水咸化过程也在持续进行，可能会导致更深层地下水水质的进一步恶化。研究成果可为沿海地区水资源管理提供参考。
- 华北平原 /
- 地下水咸化 /
- 海侵 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Objective
To investigate the salinization of groundwater impacted by Late Pleistocene/Holocene transgression, current seawater intrusion, and evaporation, and to comprehend the consequences of marine transgression events and seawater intrusion due to groundwater over-exploitation on groundwater salinization, two shallow aquifers were chosen for research in the Cangzhou area.
Methods
Using the SEAWAT software, a paleo-hydrogeological model was developed to simulate the evolution of groundwater salinity since the Holocene, relying on a series of paleo-environmental evolution data.
Results
The results suggest that the distribution of shallow groundwater salinity is impacted by the Holocene transgression/regression. A traditional fingering process of saline water infiltration in shallow areas was discovered at an average rate of 23 mm/a, resulting from transgression events. Despite the low-permeability aquitards, saline infiltration persists over extended periods, reaching depths of up to 140～160 m B.S.L.
Conclusion
Trapped marine water from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene transgression events remains present and has not been flushed out. The salt transport in the coastal aquifer-aquitard system has yet to reach an equilibrium state, potentially affecting the groundwater quality of deep confined aquifers.
- North China Plain /
- groundwater salinization /
- marine transgression /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 研究区地理位置(a)和采样点空间分布(b)

Figure 1. Sampling location at study site.

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图 2 A-A'水文地质剖面图(a)和钻孔柱状图(b)（剖面图据文献[15-16]修改，柱状图据文献[17-20]修改，剖面A-A'位置见图1b）

Figure 2. Hydrogeological profile along the transect A-A’ （a）and boreholes logs （b）.

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图 3 古地理变化图（据文献[23]修改）

Figure 3. Plot of paleogeography evolution

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图 4 海平面变化图^[25]

Figure 4. Plot of sea-level change

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图 5 剖面A-B概念模型

Figure 5. Conceptual model of the transect A-B

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图 6 网格剖分(a)和模型地层结构图(b)

Figure 6. Grid Section of the model and Stratigraphic Structure of model along the transect A-A’

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图 7 水头值拟合图(a)和氯离子浓度拟合图(b, c)，（c图中各点位沿剖面A-A'的30 km宽的缓冲区内的采样点正交投影于剖面上得到相对空间位置）

Figure 7. Plots of measured vs. simulated heads (a) and measured vs. simulated Cl concentration (b, c)

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图 8 地下水TDS模拟演化过程

Figure 8. Modeled evolution of groundwater TDS

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图 9 原始模型(a)及敏感性分析结果(b～k)

α_L. 纵向弥散度; D_m. 有效分子扩散系数; K_h. 水平渗透系数

Figure 9. The original model (a) and the results of sensitivity simulations (b～k)

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表 1 气候变化情况^[24]

Table 1. Changes in climate

年代	降水量/mm	蒸发量/mm	气候条件
早全新世（公元前5500年之前）	480	1202	冷干向暖湿过渡
中全新世（公元前5500年−公元前3500年）	998	2350	暖湿
晚全新世（公元前3500年−公元前500年）	764	1800	温暖偏干
近现代（公元前500年−现代）	573	1692	温凉偏干

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表 2 时间段划分及其描述

Table 2. Description of model time periods

时间段	描述	参考来源
公元前10000 – 公元前9000	地表的晚更新世海侵咸水开始下渗
公元前9000 – 公元前8000	模型引入降水和蒸发项	文献[26]
公元前8000 – 公元前7000	海平面线性升高，由−28.5 m至−17 m	文献[25]
公元前7000 – 公元前6000	平均地表高程升至−13.7 m	文献[15，17]
公元前6000 – 公元前5000	全新世海侵到达最大界线	文献[28]
公元前5000 – 公元前4000	海平面低速升高，由−14 m升至−12.3 m	文献[25]
公元前4000 – 公元前3000	地表最大高程升至2.6 m	文献[15]
公元前3000 – 公元前2000	海平面升至−8 m	文献[25]
公元前2000 – 公元前1000	海岸线退行至现代海岸线附近	文献[28]
公元前1000 – 公元0	在公元前500年前后，大运河疏浚
公元0 – 公元1000	气候转为温凉偏干	文献[29]
公元1000 – 公元1960	海岸线移动至当今海岸线位置	文献[28]
公元1960 – 公元2021	地下水开采，人类活动增加

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表 3 古水文地质模型主要参数

Table 3. Hydrologic parameters used in the paleo-models of this study

参数	岩土类型			参考来源
参数	砂	粉土及粉质黏土	黏土	参考来源
水平渗透系数K_h/(m·d)⁻¹	6.1	0.04	2.6×10⁻³	文献[35]
水平与垂直渗透系数比值K_h/K_v	12.5	10	10	文献[26]
储水系数S_s, /m⁻¹	4.9×10⁻⁴	1.2×10⁻³	1×10⁻³	文献[36]
给水度S_y	0.06	0.05	0.04	文献[37]
孔隙度$ \theta $	0.3	0.4	0.4	文献[38]
纵向弥散度α_L/m	83	80	70
有效分子扩散系数/D_m/(m²·d⁻¹)	5.1×10⁻⁵	5.1×10⁻⁵	5.1×10⁻⁵	文献[39]

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