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摘要:
强酸性废水对碳酸盐岩有很强的腐蚀性，可以导致碳酸盐岩的物理力学性质发生重大改变。为了研究酸性淋滤液对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀损伤和力学损伤，通过开展不同流速条件下，不同时长磷石膏酸性淋滤液对灰岩的溶蚀试验研究，分析了试验前后岩样的表观特征、质量、孔隙度、单轴抗压强度以及声发射计数等指标的变化规律，揭示了酸性淋滤液对碳酸盐岩物理力学特性的影响。试验结果表明：岩样的溶蚀率、孔隙度增量与溶蚀时间及淋滤液流速均成正相关关系，力学强度与溶蚀时间及淋滤液流速均成负相关关系。随着溶蚀的进行，岩样表面会附着越来越厚的萤石矿物，使得岩样的溶蚀速率变慢。单轴试样的破坏形式由剪切破坏向张拉破坏逐渐转变。在磷石膏淋滤液溶蚀的酸性环境下，灰岩内部矿物成分被溶解，从而引起宏观力学参数的变化。研究结果可为酸性废水影响条件下岩溶介质稳定性分析、酸性废水处理、尾矿工程安全设计等方面提供理论与试验数据依据。
Abstract:Strongly acidic wastewater exhibits significant corrosivity toward carbonate rocks, inducing substantial alterations in their physical and mechanical properties.
Objective This study investigates the dissolution and mechanical degradation of carbonate rocks under the influence of acidic leachate.
Methods Limestone samples are subjected to acidic leachate under varying flow conditions and durations. The dissolution effects are evaluated through comprehensive analyses of apparent characteristics, mass loss, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, acoustic emission activity, and other key indicators. These measurements elucidate the impact of the acidic leachate on the physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks.
Results Experimental results demonstrate that the dissolution rate and porosity of the rock samples increase with prolonged exposure time and higher flow rates, whereas the mechanical strength exhibits a corresponding decline. As dissolution progresses, the formation of increasingly thicker fluorite mineral layers on the rock surfaces is observed, which subsequently attenuates the dissolution rate. Furthermore, the failure mode of uniaxial samples shifts from shear-dominated to tensile-dominated damage. The acidic environment of phosphogypsum leachate induces the dissolution of internal minerals within limestone, resulting in significant changes to macromechanical properties.
Conclusion These findings provide critical theoretical and experimental insights for assessing the stability of karst media under acidic wastewater conditions, as well as for optimizing the safety design of acidic wastewater treatment and tailings management systems.
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Key words:
- limestone /
- acidic dissolution /
- dissolution rate /
- mechanical damage /
- acoustic emission /
- carbonate rock /
- acidic leache
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图 2 岩样在不同溶蚀条件下的表观特征(a)与破坏形态(b，c)
Figure 2. Appearance characteristics (a) and damage patterns (b，c) of samples under different dissolution conditions
图 3 溶蚀率(a)及平均溶蚀速率(b)的变化特征
Figure 3. Variation characteristics of dissolution rate (a) and average dissolution rate (b)
图 4 孔隙度增量(a)及平均孔隙度增长速率(b)的变化特征
Figure 4. Variation characteristics of porosity increment (a) and average porosity growth rate (b)
图 6 岩样在不用溶蚀条件下单轴压缩应力−应变关系曲线
Figure 6. Uniaxial compressive stress-strain of samples under different dissolution conditions
图 7 峰值强度(a)和弹性模量(b)的变化特征
Figure 7. Variation characteristics of peak strength (a) and elastic modulus (b)
图 8 不同淋滤液流速下未溶及溶蚀5 d时应力−应变−声发射计数图
Figure 8. Stress-strain curves and cumulative acoustic emission curves of samples undissolved and dissolved for 5 days under different flow of acidic leachate
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