“9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律

宋静园; 刘洋; 董秀军; 袁阳杰

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619

“9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619

1 .
成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室，成都 610059
2 .
四川省自然资源厅，成都 610072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42072306）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋静园：E-mail：2990732818@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：274597918@qq.com

中图分类号: P642.22
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- 文章访问数: 421
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-03
- 录用日期: 2023-12-05
- 修回日期: 2023-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-17

Spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslide in densely populated area of the Luding 9·5 earthquake

1 .
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2 .
Department of Natural Resources of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：2990732818@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：274597918@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
研究地震诱发滑坡的空间分布规律，不仅能为灾区地质灾害隐患排查、灾情评估等提供重要依据，同时对后期灾后重建、灾后安置选址以及地质灾害防治等工作具有重要意义。以2022年9月5日四川甘孜泸定县M_s 6.8级地震为例，首先基于获取得到的震后0.2 m分辨率光学影像（digital orthophoto map，简称DOM）和0.5 m分辨率的数字高程模型（digital elevation matrix，简称DEM），采用人工目视三维遥感解译地震诱发滑坡，再结合野外调查修正，确定最终地震诱发滑坡数量，并在此基础上分析地震诱发滑坡分布与地形地貌、地质构造、地震因子等地质背景的关系。结果表明：①此次泸定地震事件在约680 km²的研究区内引发了9248处滑坡，且以中、小型滑坡为主，滑坡面积密度最高集中在鲜水河断裂、大渡河断裂以及锦屏山断裂3条断裂交汇处；滑坡总面积约45.57 km²，平均滑坡面积可达4941 m²。②本次地震滑坡分布主要受地面峰值加速度PGA以及断裂构造影响，多分布在PGA> 0.6 g（g为重力加速度），距发震断裂两侧1 km范围内；此外滑坡的发育还与距水系及道路距离呈负相关；局部受地形因素影响滑坡主要发育在高程1200～2400 m、坡度30°～60°、坡向E及SE向区域，且地层岩性多为硬岩。③此次泸定地震的滑坡数量及面积与震级关系也遵循指数分布；同时由于此次解译基础数据精度较高，解译得到的地震滑坡数量相比于其他文献而言更多，最小面积更小，总面积更大。本研究成果已应用于泸定地震灾区的灾后恢复重建工作，为提高抗灾能力和降低地震风险提供了科学依据。
- 泸定地震 /
- 地震滑坡 /
- 机载LiDAR /
- 分布规律 /
- 人口密集区
Abstract: Objective
The spatial distribution analysis of earthquake-induced landslides offers critical insights for identifying potential geological disasters in affected regions, which is fundamental for informing post-disaster reconstruction planning, relocation strategies, site selection processes, and the development of effective geological disaster mitigation measures.
Methods
Taking the earthquake that struck Luding County, Ganzi, Sichuan Province, on September 5, 2022, as a case study, earthquake-induced landslides were initially identified using artificial visual 3D remote sensing data. This analysis was based on an optical image (DOM) with a resolution of 0.2 meter and a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.5 meter, both acquired post-earthquake. Field investigations and subsequent corrections were performed to validate and finalize the landslide inventory. Subsequently, the relationships between the distribution of earthquake-induced landslides and various geological factors, including topography, geological structures, and earthquake parameters, were systematically analyzed.
Results
①The Luding earthquake triggered 9248 landslides, covering an area of approximately 680 km², with the majority classified as small- to medium-sized. The highest landslide density was observed at the tectonic intersection of the Xianshuihe fault, Daduhe fault, and Jinping mountain fault. The cumulative landslide area reached approximately 45.57 km², with an average landslide area of 4941 m². ② The spatial distribution of landslide in the earthquake-affected region is predominantly controlled by PGA and fault structures, with the majority of landslides concentrated in areas where PGA exceeds 0.6 g and within 1 km on either side of the seismogenic fault. Furthermore, landslide occurrence exhibits a negative correlation with proximity to water systems and roads. At a local scale, topographic factors significantly influence landslide distribution, with the highest frequency observed at elevations ranging from 1200 to 2400 m, on slopes inclined between 30° and 60°, and predominantly facing east or southeast. Additionally, landslides are more prevalent in areas underlain by hard rock strata. ③ The number and area of landslides exhibit an exponential relationship with the magnitude of the Luding earthquake. Leveraging high-precision data, our analysis identified a significantly higher number of earthquake-induced landslides compared to previous studies, with a reduced minimum landslide area and an increased total affected area.
Conclusion
The findings of this study have been implemented to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts in the Luding earthquake-affected region, providing a scientific basis for enhancing resilience and reducing future earthquake risks.
- Luding earthquake /
- earthquake-induced landslide /
- airborne LiDAR /
- distribution law /
- densely populated area

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图 1 研究区位置(a)、地震烈度带(b)和历史地震及断裂带分布(c)

Figure 1. Location (a), seismic intensity (b), distribution of historical earthquakes and fault zones (c) in the study area

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图 2 泸定地震解译滑坡

Figure 2. Interpretation of the landslide by the Luding earthquake

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图 3 泸定地震滑坡的主要类型

Figure 3. Main types of landslides by the Luding earthquake

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图 4 研究区地震滑坡空间分布图

a. 地震滑坡与PGA空间分布；b. 滑坡面密度空间分布；PGA. 地面峰值加速度，下同

Figure 4. Spatial distribution map of the earthquake-induced landslide in the study area

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图 5 地震滑坡面密度、高程、地层岩性的剖面图（剖面位置见图4b）

Figure 5. Profile of area density, elevation and stratum lithology of earthquake-induced landslide

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图 6 地震滑坡与地形(a～e)、地震(f，g)以及地质(h)因子关系分布图

Figure 6. Distribution of relationship between earthquake-induced landslide and topographic (a-e), earthquake (f, g) and geology (h) factors

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图 7 地震滑坡与地形(a～e)、地震(f，g)以及地质(h)因子关系统计图

Figure 7. Statistical plot of the relationship between earthquake-induced landslide and topographic (a−e), earthquake (f，g) and geology (h) factors

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图 8 不同地震事件诱发的滑坡对比

Figure 8. Comparison of landslides induced by different earthquake events

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表 1 地震滑坡控制因子分级

Table 1. Classification of controlling factors of earthquake-induced landslide

因子类型	因子名称	因子分级
地形地貌	高程/m	< 1000, [1000, 1200), [1200, 1400), [1400, 1600), [1600, 1800), [1800, 2000), [2000, 2200), [2200, 2400], [2400, 2600), [2600, 2800), [2800, 3000], > 3000
	坡度/（°）	< 25, [25, 30), [30, 35), [35, 40), [40, 45), [45, 50), [50, 55), [55, 60), [60, 65), [65, 70], > 70
	坡向	平面，N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW
	距水系距离/km	< 0.5, [0.5, 1.0), [1.0, 1.5), [1.5, 2.0), [2.0, 2.5), [2.5, 3.0), [3.0, 3.5), [3.5, 4.0], > 4.0
	距道路距离/km	< 0.5, [0.5, 1.0), [1.0, 1.5), [1.5, 2.0), [2.0, 2.5), [2.5, 3.0], > 3.0
地质参数	地层岩性	三叠系，二叠系，泥盆系，第四系，基性岩，超基性岩，花岗岩，闪长岩，其他
地震参数	距发震断层距离/km	[0, 1), [1, 2), [2, 3), [3, 4), [4, 5), [5, 6), [6, 7), [7, 8), [8, 9), [9, 10], [10, 11), [11, 12), [12, 13), [13, 14), [14, 15], > 15
地震参数	PGA/g	< 0.3, [0.3, 0.4), [0.4, 0.5), [0.5, 0.6), [0.6, 0.7], > 0.7

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表 2 不同文献得到的泸定地震相关结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of Luding earthquake related results from different documents

文献来源	研究区面积/km²	滑坡数量/个	滑坡总面积/km²	滑坡最小面积/m²	高程/m	坡度/(°)	坡向	距发震断层距离/km	地层岩性
文献[1-2]	419.2	3633	13.78	49	1200～1400	40～45	E	1	花岗岩
文献[3]	2600	4528	28.1	/	1200～1500	40～45	/	1	花岗岩
文献[21]	3056	2692	47	220.77	1800～2000	40～45	E	1	砂岩板岩
文献[25]	19000	8685	30.7	/	/	/	/	2	/
文献[26]	4393	5007	17.36	65	1300～1500	40～50	E	1	花岗岩
文献[40]	166	513	8.88	/	1400～2200	40～45	E、SE	3	/
本研究	682	9248	46	15.5	1600～1800	40～45	E	0.5	花岗岩

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