宜昌长江南岸岩溶地下水中水生动物群落分布特征及其环境响应

刘伟; 段佳文; 赵瑞超; 王一安; 李寅; 陈伟; 李秋华; 周宏; AntonBrancelj

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0218

宜昌长江南岸岩溶地下水中水生动物群落分布特征及其环境响应

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0218

刘伟^{1, 2a,},
段佳文^{1, 2a},
赵瑞超^2a,
王一安^2a,
李寅³,
陈伟^2b,
李秋华⁴,
周宏^2b,
AntonBrancelj⁵

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2a.
中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院, 武汉 430074
2b.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074
3.
湖北省地质环境总站, 武汉 430056
4.
贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统和生态环境保护重点实验室，贵阳 550001
5.
National Institute of Biology, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

基金项目:

自然资源部岩溶动力学重点实验室开放基金 KDL201703

自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放基金 KDL201903

国家自然科学基金项目 42007178

湖北省自然科学基金项目 2020CFB463

国家重点研发计划“场地土壤污染成因与治理技术”重点专项子课题 2019YFC1805502

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160304

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190824

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 CUGL180837

详细信息

作者简介:
刘伟(1985—)，男，副研究员，主要从事岩溶水文地质与环境地质研究工作。E-mail: wliu@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.134
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- 文章访问数: 1060
- PDF下载量: 83
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Distribution of aquatic fauna in karstic groundwater and its enviro-nmental response on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang

Liu Wei^{1, 2a
,},
Duan Jiawen^{1, 2a},
Zhao Ruichao^2a,
Wang Yi′an^2a,
Li Yin³,
Chen Wei^2b,
Li Qiuhua⁴,
Zhou Hong^2b,
Anton Brancelj⁵

1.
Karst Dynamics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources/Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
2a.
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2b.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Geological Environmental Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430056, China
4.
Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
5.
National Institute of Biology, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

摘要

摘要:
为探究宜昌长江南岸岩溶区地下水中水生动物群落分布特征及环境响应规律，在2018年7月至8月对宜昌长江南岸15处表层岩溶泉及9处岩溶大泉中水生动物进行采集，同时对地下水理化指标进行测试。共采集到809个动物个体，共有13个亚纲，同时包括多个物种的暗层和非暗层种。结果发现：①不同动物在地下水空间分布上各异，在表层岩溶泉，Copepoda的暗层种和Ostracoda的暗层种大量存在(31.3%, 23.7%)，Trichoptera和Diptera少量存在(0.4%, 2.9%)；在岩溶大泉，Copepoda(非暗层种)和Amphipoda大量存在(25.0%, 8.3%)，Ostracoda的暗层种少量存在(2.2%)。②不同地下水的环境也表现出差异，区内岩溶大泉pH, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺等指标的极差(分别为0.64, 1.25, 34.0, 22.1 mg/L)小于表层岩溶泉(分别为2.45, 5.68, 59.6, 33.4 mg/L)，表现出更稳定的环境特征。③通过对各环境因子以及不同物种的逐步回归分析得出，表层岩溶泉的主控环境因子为pH, Na⁺, Mg²⁺，岩溶大泉的主控环境因子为pH, SO₄^2-, Mg²⁺；表层岩溶泉的主要代表性生物群落为Ostracoda, Diptera, Turbellaria的暗层物种，岩溶大泉的主要代表性生物群落为Mollusca, Diptera, Decapoda。④通过路径分析发现，生物通过种间相互作用，对环境因子具有直接与间接响应。在表层岩溶泉，Diptera主要通过与Ostracoda的种间关系对Na⁺和Mg²⁺起间接响应，另外Ostracoda, Diptera, Turbellaria的暗层种对pH有直接响应；在岩溶大泉，Mollusca主要通过Diptera对pH起间接响应，Diptera通过Decapoda对SO₄^2-起间接响应，另Mollusca, Diptera, Decapoda对Mg²⁺直接响应。研究发现生物分布规律是对于环境因子的直接作用和生物之间的间接作用共同响应结果。
- 岩溶地下水 /
- 地下水 /
- 水生动物 /
- 群落分布特征 /
- 环境响应 /
- 长江
Abstract:
To understand the distribution of aquatic fauna in karst groundwater and its environmental response, aquatic fauna and water samples were collected from 15 epikarst springs and 9 large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang from July to August 2018. In total, 809 individuals were collected, and they belonged to 13 subclasses. We found that: ①The spatial distribution of different animals in groundwater was different. Copepoda and Ostracoda stygobionts were abundant in epikarst springs (31.3%, 23.7%), Trichoptera and Diptera were less abundant (0.4%, 2.9%). Copepoda and Amphipoda were abundant in large springs (25.0%, 8.3%), Ostracoda stygobionts were less abundant (2.2%). ②The variation range of environmental factors (pH, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) in large karst springs (0.64, 1.25 mg/L, 34.0 mg/L, 22.1 mg/L) was narrower than that in epikarst springs (2.45, 5.68 mg/L, 59.6 mg/L, 33.4 mg/L), which indicated a relatively stable condition. ③According to the stepwise regression analysis, the main environmental factors of epikarst springs were pH, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺, and the main environmental factors of large karst springs were pH, SO₄^2- and Mg²⁺. Moreover, the representative biological communities of epikarst springs were Ostracoda, Diptera and dark layer species of Turbellaria, and the representative biological communities of large karst springs were Mollusca, Diptera and Decapoda. ④According to the path analysis, Diptera mainly responded indirectly to Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ through Ostracoda, and Ostracoda stygobionts, Diptera and Turbellaria responded directly to pH in epikarst springs. In large karst springs, Mollusca mainly indirectly responded to pH through Diptera, Diptera indirectly responded to SO₄^2- through Decapoda, and Mollusca, Diptera and Decapoda directly responded to Mg²⁺. The distribution of fauna in groundwater was the result of a direct response to environmental factors and an indirect response between different species.
- karst groundwater /
- groundwater /
- aquatic fauna /
- distribution of aquatic fauna /
- environmental response /
- Yangtze River

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图 1 宜昌长江南岸地区采样点分布图

Figure 1. Sampling sites of karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang

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图 2 宜昌长江南岸地区24个岩溶泉水生动物分布的堆积条形图

Figure 2. Distributions of aquatic fauna in 24 karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang

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图 3 宜昌长江南岸地区24个表层岩溶泉及岩溶大泉的环境因子多Y轴小提琴图

Figure 3. Multiple Y-axis violin diagram of environmental factors in 24 epikarst springs and large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang

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表 1 宜昌长江南岸地区表层岩溶泉及岩溶大泉中采集到的水生动物名称及个数

Table 1. Information of aquatic fauna collected in epikarst springs and large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang

生物名称	表层岩溶泉		岩溶大泉		总数
生物名称	数量	占比/%	数量	占比/%	总数
Turbellaria_s	4	0.8	0	0.0	4
Mollusca	1	0.2	1	0.3	2
Mollusca_s	11	2.3	2	0.6	13
Ephemeroptera	34	7.0	13	4.0	47
Trichoptera	2	0.4	9	2.8	11
Diptera	14	2.9	25	7.7	39
Decapoda	22	4.5	4	1.2	26
Amphipoda	52	10.7	27	8.3	79
Amphipoda_s	39	8.0	0	0.0	39
Ostracoda	11	2.3	3	0.9	14
Ostracoda_s	115	23.7	7	2.2	122
Copepoda	28	5.8	81	25.0	109
Copepoda_s	152	31.3	152	46.9	304
暗层生物数量 (非暗层生物数量)	321 (164)	66.2 (33.8)	161 (163)	49.7 (50.3)	482 (327)
总的个体数量	485	100	324	100	809

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表 2 2018年7-8月宜昌长江南岸地区表层岩溶泉及岩溶大泉的环境因子对水生动物丰度的逐步回归分析

Table 2. Stepwise regression analysis between environmental factors and aquatic fauna abundance of epikarst springs and large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang from July to August 2018

类型	回归方程式	P^*	R^**	决定系数^***
表层岩溶泉	N_{Turb_s}=2.268-0.057[Mg²⁺]-0.246[Na⁺]	0.011	0.726	0.527
	N_Amph=17.396-0.534[Mg²⁺]	0.048	0.517	0.268
	N_Ostr=-0.812+0.725[Na⁺]	0.014	0.616	0.379
	N_{Ostr_s}=-218.914+26.179pH+0.334[Ca²⁺]-0.634[SO₄^2-]	0.001	0.867	0.752
	N_{Cop_s}=-9.953+0.274[NO₃^-]+0.526[Mg²⁺]	0.006	0.754	0.569
岩溶大泉	N_Dip=-0.354+0.192[Mg²⁺]	0.021	0.744	0.554
	N_Deca=-1.193+0.081[SO₄^2-]	0.007	0.818	0.668
	N_Amph=12.949-0.254[SO₄^2-]-0.296[Mg²⁺]	0.036	0.818	0.669
	N_Ostr=12.293+0.060[Ca²⁺]-1.838pH	0.012	0.879	0.772
	N_Cop=-15.047+1.191[SO₄^2-]	0.009	0.803	0.645
	N_{Cop_s}=-544.802+3.167[SO₄^2-]+62.603pH	0.006	0.907	0.822
P为显著性，P < 0.05为显著；R为相关系数；**决定系数为线性回归拟合优度；N_{Turb_s}表示Turbellaria_s的丰度，N_Amph表示Amphipoda的丰度，N_Ostr表示Ostracoda的丰度，N_{Ostr_s}表示Ostracoda_s的丰度，N_{Cop_s}表示Copepoda_s的丰度，N_Dip表示Diptera的丰度，N_Deca表示Decapoda的丰度，N_Cop表示Copepoda的丰度

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表 3 2018年7-8月宜昌长江南岸地区表层岩溶泉及岩溶大泉的水生动物丰度对主控环境因子的逐步回归分析

Table 3. Stepwise regression analysis between aquatic fauna abundance and main environmental factors of epikarst springs and large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang from July to August 2018

类型	回归方程式	P^*	R^**	决定系数^***
表层岩溶泉	pH=8.100+0.024 N_Ostr	0.001	0.770	0.593
	[Na⁺]=2.011+0.693 N_Ostr-0.415 N_Dip	0.002	0.798	0.637
	[Mg²⁺]=28.043-7.377 N_{Turb_s}	0.022	0.586	0.343
岩溶大泉	pH=7.503+0.059 N_Amph+0.064 N_Dip+0.086 N_Eph-0.285 N_Mol	0.003	0.983	0.966
	[Mg²⁺]=8.279+2.877 N_Dip	0.021	0.744	0.554
	[SO₄^2-]=20.003+6.849 N_Deca-0.953 N_Amph	0.003	0.923	0.856
P为显著性，P < 0.05为显著；R为相关系数；**决定系数为线性回归拟合优度；N_Ostr表示Ostracoda的丰度，N_Dip表示Diptera的丰度，N_{Turb_s}表示Turbellaria_s的丰度，N_Deca表示Decapoda的丰度，N_Amph表示Amphipoda的丰度，N_Eph表示Ephemeroptera的丰度，N_Mol表示Mollusca的丰度

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表 4 2018年7-8月宜昌长江南岸地区表层岩溶泉和岩溶大泉的环境因子对水生动物丰度的路径分析

Table 4. Path analysis between environmental factors and aquatic fauna abundance of epikarst springs and large karst springs on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang from July to August 2018

类型	环境因子	水生动物名称	相关系数	直接作用系数	间接作用系数总和	间接作用系数
类型	环境因子	水生动物名称	相关系数	直接作用系数	间接作用系数总和	→Ostr	→Turb_s	→Dip
表层岩溶泉	pH	Ostr	-0.058	-0.148	0.090		0.010	0.080
		Turb_s	-0.198	-0.194	-0.004	0.003		-0.007
		Dip	0.220	0.234	-0.014	-0.021	0.007
	Na⁺	Ostr	0.616	0.694	-0.078		0.012	-0.090
		Turb_s	-0.243	-0.221	-0.022	-0.030		0.008
		Dip	-0.246	-0.479	0.233	0.225	0.008
	Mg²⁺	Ostr	-0.290	-0.548	0.258		0.029	0.229
		Turb_s	-0.586	-0.588	0.002	0.014		-0.012
		Dip	0.353	0.439	-0.086	-0.106	0.020

类型	环境因子	水生动物名称	相关系数	直接作用系数	间接作用系数总和	间接作用系数
类型	环境因子	水生动物名称	相关系数	直接作用系数	间接作用系数总和	→Ostr	→Turb_s	→Dip
岩溶大泉	pH	Dip	0.110	0.133	-0.023		-0.011	-0.011
		Deca	-0.239	-0.292	0.053	0.006		0.047
		Mol	-0.287	-0.570	0.283	0.274	0.009
	Mg⁺	Dip	0.744	0.717	0.027		0.011	0.016
		Deca	0.217	0.242	-0.025	0.039		-0.064
		Mol	0.392	0.398	-0.006	0.030	-0.036
	SO₄^2-	Dip	0.059	0.024	0.035		0.143	-0.108
		Deca	0.818	0.784	0.034	0.003		0.031
		Mol	-0.192	-0.060	-0.132	0.002	-0.134

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