滇中高原岩溶关键带典型含水系统水化学特征及成因分析

黄靖宇; 许模; 许汉华; 刘文连; 杨艳娜; 唐一格; 肖先煊

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0217

滇中高原岩溶关键带典型含水系统水化学特征及成因分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0217

1.
成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室, 成都 610059
2.
中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司, 昆明 650051

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42072283

详细信息

作者简介:
黄靖宇(1997—)，男，现正攻读地质资源与地质工程专业博士学位，主要从事岩溶水文地质研究工作。E-mail: 837408180@qq.com

通讯作者:
许模(1963—)，男，教授，主要从事环境工程地质、工程水文地质研究工作。E-mail：xm@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.134
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis analysis of typical aquifer system in karst critical zone of Central Yunnan Plateau

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China

摘要

摘要:
岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的研究对于科学认识其内部的演化环境与结构特征具有重要意义。岩溶水是水-岩作用后主要的信息载体, 定量分析其水化学特征及成因是揭示岩溶关键带含水系统介质环境与水动力条件的有效手段。以滇中高原岩溶关键带3个典型岩溶含水系统为研究对象, 通过对不同含水系统出露的岩溶泉进行野外采样与室内测试, 综合采用数理统计分析、水化学图解、离子比例系数与水文地球化学模拟等方法, 深入剖析了各含水系统岩溶水水化学组分特征、成因作用和含水层介质特性, 并对关键带中水循环与水化学的内在联系及规律进行了探讨。结果表明: ①HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺是各含水系统岩溶水中含量最高且来源稳定的离子组分, Mg²⁺是控制各含水系统水化学类型异化的关键因素; ②碳酸盐岩类的岩石风化、矿物溶解是各含水系统内岩溶水化学组分特征的主要成因作用, 岩溶水对华宁水系统含水层的溶蚀作用仍在发生, 阳离子吸附交替与硅酸盐岩类的风化溶解是区域岩溶水中Na⁺、K⁺的重要来源; ③区域岩溶的发育强度、岩溶含水层的出露条件及含水介质岩性与连通性共同塑造了滇中高原岩溶关键带不同含水系统地下水化学特性。研究成果丰富了对滇中高原岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的认识, 为区域岩溶水资源的开发、利用与保护提供基于水化学的证据支撑。
- 岩溶关键带 /
- 含水系统 /
- 水-岩作用 /
- 水化学成因 /
- 滇中高原
Abstract:
The study of hydrogeochemical processes in the karst critical zone (KCZ) is of great significance for the scientific understanding of their internal evolutionary environment and structural characteristics. Karst groundwater is the main information carrier after water-rock interactions. Quantitative analysis of its hydrochemical characteristics and causes is an effective means to reveal the medium environment and hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer system in the KCZ. In this paper, three typical karst aquifer systems in the KCZ of the central Yunnan Plateau were taken as the research objects. Through field sampling and laboratory testing of karst springs exposed by different aquifer systems, mathematical statistics analysis, hydrochemical diagram, ion ratio coefficient and hydrogeochemical simulation were comprehensively used to deeply analyze the characteristics of hydrochemical components, genesis and aquifer medium of karst groundwater in each aquifer system; the internal relationship and law between the water cycle and hydrochemistry in the key belt were discussed. The results showed that: ①HCO₃^- and Ca²⁺ were the highest and most stable ion components in regional karst groundwater, and Mg²⁺ was the key factor controlling the alienation of hydrochemical types in each aquifer system; ②The rock weathering and mineral dissolution of carbonate rocks were the main causes of the chemical composition characteristics of karst water in each aquifer system, and karst groundwater dissolution on the aquifer of the Huaning aquifer system was still occurring. The alternation of cation adsorption and the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks were the main sources of Na⁺ and K⁺ in regional karst groundwater; ③The development intensity of regional karst, the exposed condition of karst aquifers and the lithology and connectivity of aquifer media jointly shaped the groundwater chemical characteristics of different aquifer systems in the KCZ of the Central Yunnan Plateau.
- karst critical zone /
- aquifer system /
- water-rock interaction /
- hydrochemical origin /
- Central Yunnan Plateau

HTML全文

图 1 研究区水文地质概况及采样点分布图

Figure 1. Hydrogeological survey and distribution of sampling points in the study area

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图 2 研究区地下水化学指标浓度箱型图

Figure 2. Boxplots of groundwater chemical index concentration in the study area

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图 3 研究区岩溶水Pipers三线图

Figure 3. Piper diagram of karst groundwater in the study area

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图 4 研究区岩溶水化学Gibbs图

Figure 4. Gibbs diagram of karst groundwater chemistry in the study area

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图 5 研究区岩溶水化学的岩石物源分布端元图

Figure 5. Rock source distribution endmember diagram of karst groundwater chemistry in the study area

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图 6 岩溶水矿物饱和指数与ρ(TDS)关系

Figure 6. Relationship between mineral saturation index and TDS concentration of karst groundwater

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图 7 研究区岩溶水阳离子交替吸附作用与氯碱指数图

Figure 7. Alternate cation adsorption and Chlor-Alkali index map of karst groundwater in study area

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图 8 研究区岩溶水主要离子比例关系图

Figure 8. Relationship of main ion proportion in karst groundwater in the study area

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表 1 研究区岩溶水化学成分分析结果

Table 1. Results of chemical composition analysis of karst groundwater in the study area

水系统	取样编号	含水层	流量/ (L·s^-1)	pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	ρ(TDS)/ (mg·L^-1)	水化学类型
水系统	取样编号	含水层	流量/ (L·s^-1)	pH	N_B/(meq·L^-1)							ρ(TDS)/ (mg·L^-1)	水化学类型
龙朋	L01	Pt₁d	150	7.74	0.01	0.06	2.34	0.30	0.05	0.06	2.72	143	HCO₃-Ca
	L02		40	7.66	0.01	0.07	2.29	1.37	0.01	0.13	3.72	188	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	L03		230	7.65	0.01	0.07	3.35	1.01	0.01	0.04	4.52	226	HCO₃-Ca
	L04		900	7.37	0.02	0.18	3.25	1.01	0.05	0.12	4.52	232	HCO₃-Ca
	L05		12	7.56	0.03	0.18	3.25	1.00	0.14	0.14	4.23	223	HCO₃-Ca
	L06		50	7.59	0.01	0.03	2.70	0.20	0.02	0.07	2.85	148	HCO₃-Ca
	平均值		—	7.60	0.01	0.10	2.86	0.82	0.05	0.09	3.76	193	—
	标准差		—	0.12	0.01	0.06	0.44	0.42	0.05	0.04	0.74	36.72	—
	变异系数		—	0.02	0.43	0.61	0.15	0.52	0.99	0.42	0.20	0.19	—
石屏	S01	D₂₊₃ (C+ D₂₊₃)	30	7.22	0.03	0.02	5.09	1.63	0.01	0.21	6.83	349	HCO₃-Ca
	S02		110	7.28	0.03	0.09	3.81	3.66	0.05	0.23	7.74	381	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S03		1 100	7.27	0.02	0.04	4.06	2.03	0.29	0.02	6.13	312	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S04		100	7.10	0.02	0.03	4.57	1.78	0.21	0.01	6.54	329	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S05		210	7.47	0.02	0.08	3.25	3.00	0.32	0.04	6.18	313	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S06		1 350	7.23	0.02	0.07	4.32	1.78	0.22	0.02	6.34	319	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S07		30	7.23	0.03	0.03	3.76	2.03	0.04	0.26	5.83	300	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	S08		30	7.27	0.06	0.06	3.66	1.88	0.02	0.09	5.83	289	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	平均值		—	7.26	0.03	0.05	4.06	2.22	0.15	0.11	6.43	324	—
	标准差		—	0.10	0.01	0.02	0.54	0.67	0.12	0.10	0.59	27.35	—
	变异系数		—	0.01	0.45	0.46	0.13	0.30	0.82	0.88	0.09	0.08	—
华宁	H01	C+P₁	60	7.74	0.01	0.02	4.20	1.20	0.02	0.70	4.51	278	HCO₃-Ca
	H02		1 300	7.25	0.03	0.02	3.10	0.70	0.20	0.22	3.29	194	HCO₃-Ca
	H03		500	7.19	0.01	0.02	3.00	0.30	0.06	0.22	3.20	178	HCO₃-Ca
	H04		260	7.60	0.08	0.02	3.10	2.00	0.19	0.27	4.51	253	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	H05		240	7.31	0.01	< 0.01	3.30	0.70	0.01	0.07	3.70	196	HCO₃-Ca
	H06		150	7.18	0.01	< 0.01	1.70	0.90	0.02	0.06	2.51	128	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	H07		60	7.23	0.01	< 0.01	2.00	0.40	0.03	0.06	2.29	122	HCO₃-Ca
	H08		100	6.93	0.05	0.01	1.80	0.80	0.07	0.19	2.29	132	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
	H09		200	7.17	0.01	< 0.01	2.10	0.20	0.02	0.06	2.20	118	HCO₃-Ca
	H10		40	7.09	0.01	0.02	3.00	0.70	0.04	0.05	3.51	184	HCO₃-Ca
	平均值		—	7.27	0.02	0.01	2.73	0.79	0.07	0.19	3.20	178	—
	标准差		—	0.22	0.02	0.01	0.76	0.49	0.07	0.19	0.83	52.48	—
	变异系数		—	0.03	1.02	0.81	0.28	0.62	1.03	0.98	0.26	0.29	—

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表 2 研究区岩溶水常见矿物饱和度指数

Table 2. Saturation index of common minerals in karst groundwater in the study area

水系统	取样编号	矿物饱和度指数(SI)
水系统	取样编号	方解石	白云石
龙朋	L01	0.30	-0.16
	L02	0.32	0.54
	L03	0.54	0.69
	L04	0.25	0.12
	L05	0.41	0.44
	L06	0.23	-0.54
石屏	S01	0.43	0.49
	S02	0.40	0.91
	S03	0.35	0.52
	S04	0.25	0.22
	S05	0.45	0.99
	S06	0.35	0.44
	S07	0.25	0.37
	S08	0.29	0.42
华宁	H01	0.70	0.98
	H02	-0.01	-0.54
	H03	-0.09	-1.04
	H04	0.44	0.82
	H05	0.13	-0.29
	H06	-0.42	-1.00
	H07	-0.33	-1.24
	H08	-0.69	-1.60
	H09	-0.39	-1.67
	H10	-0.15	-0.80

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