基于改进的Vensim模型模拟岩溶泉水文过程

常勇; 齐尧勇; 刘玲

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0188

基于改进的Vensim模型模拟岩溶泉水文过程

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0188

1.
河海大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
2.
江苏省地质调查研究院自然资源部国土(耕地)生态监测与修复工程技术创新中心, 南京 210018

基金项目:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 B220201020

岩溶动力学重点实验室开放课题 KDL & Guangxi202201

详细信息

作者简介:
常勇(1987—)，男，副研究员，主要从事岩溶水文地质、岩溶水文模型方面的研究工作。E-mail: wwwkr@163.com

中图分类号: P641.134
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Modelling the hydrological process of the karst spring using a revised Vensim model

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land(Arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China

摘要

摘要:
经典的Vensim模型采用2个平行线性水箱来模拟岩溶水文系统中的慢速流和快速流, 很难模拟岩溶水文系统内的非线性水文过程。提出一种改进的R-Vensim模型, 将Vensim中的一个水箱改为非线性水箱, 同时进一步考虑不同水文条件下降雨分配系数的变化, 用于模拟岩溶含水层中存在的非线性水文过程。2个模型被用于模拟丫吉试验场的S31岩溶泉, 模拟结果表明R-Vensim能更好地模拟不同降雨条件下岩溶泉水文动态过程, 而Vensim总是低估暴雨下的流量峰值和高估低强度降雨下的流量峰值。研究区岩溶水文系统中慢速流呈现强烈的非线性, 而快速流更接近于线性过程, 2个模拟时段内78.5%和68.4%的泉流量来源于非线性水箱。研究结果表明模型中考虑非线性水文过程对于岩溶泉流量尤其低流量过程的精准模拟十分重要。
- 岩溶 /
- 概念模型 /
- 非线性水文过程 /
- Vensim模型 /
- 丫吉试验场
Abstract:
The conventional Vensim model uses two parallel reservoirs to simulate the slow and fast flows in karst systems, which can hardly simulate the existing nonlinear hydrological process. This paper proposed a revised Vensim model (R-Vensim) to further enhance its ability to simulate the nonlinear hydrological process in karst systems. This revised version changed one linear reservoir in the Vensim model into a nonlinear reservoir and considered the variation in the distribution coefficient under different hydrological conditions. The two models were applied to simulate the discharge of karst spring S31 located at the Yaji experimental site. The simulation results indicated that the R-Vensim model can reasonably reproduce the discharge dynamics under different precipitation conditions, whereas the Vensim model underestimated the fast flow peaks and overestimated the slow flow peaks. In the study catchment, the fast flow was almost linear, whereas the slow flow was highly nonlinear. In the calibration period, 78.5% of spring discharge came from the nonlinear reservoir. The results showed that, considering the nonlinear hydrological process was a key issue to accurately simulate the karst spring, particularly for the slow flow condition.
- karst /
- conceptual model /
- nonlinear hydrological process /
- Vensim model /
- Yaji experimental site

HTML全文

图 1 Vensim模型结构

P_E.有效补给量；x.降雨分配系数；H₁.慢速流水箱内的水位；H₂.快速流水箱内的水位；K₁, K₂.2个水箱的出流系数；S.蒸散发水箱内的水位；S_max.蒸散发水箱内的最大容量；P.降雨量；ET.实际蒸发量

Figure 1. Structure of Vensim model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 丫吉试验场泉域分布图

Figure 2. Catchments of different springs at the Yaji experimental site

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图 3 Vensim和R-Vensim模型在校正期对岩溶泉流量过程的模拟结果

Figure 3. Simulation results of the karst spring by Vensim and R-Vensim in the calibration period

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图 4 Vensim和R-Vensim模型在验证期对岩溶泉流量过程的模拟结果

Figure 4. Simulation results of the karst spring by Vensim and R-Vensim in the validation period

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图 5 校正期R-Venism模型中非线性水箱出口流量占泉流量比例(Q_nl为非线性水箱出口流量, Q为泉流量模拟值)

Figure 5. Proportion of outflow of the nonlinear reservoir to the simulated spring discharge in R-Vensim during the calibration period

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表 1 Vensim和R-Vensim最优参数率定值

Table 1. Optimal parameter values in Vensim and R-Vensim model after calibration

模型	参数	最优率定值	取值范围
Venism	S_max/mm	70	[0, 200]
	K₁/min^-1	0.000 4	[1×10^-4, 1]
	K₂/min^-1	0.002 7	[1×10^-3, 1]
	x	0.55	[0, 1]
R-Venism	S_max/mm	55	[0, 200]
	K₁/(m^1-n·min^-1)	0.45	[1×10^-4, 1]
	K₂/min^-1	0.002 8	[1×10^-3, 1]
	n	3.25	^{[1, 5]}
	x	0.90	[0, 1]
	x′	0.29	[0, 1]
	H_d/mm	18	[0, 30]

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表 2 2个模型在校正期和验证期目标函数值

Table 2. Objective values of the two models in the calibration and validation periods

	模型	Nash_sqrt	Nash	Nash_ln
校正期	Venism	0.83	0.85	0.61
校正期	R-Venism	0.90	0.92	0.70
验证期	Venism	0.75	0.77	0.11
验证期	R-Venism	0.84	0.88	0.50

下载: 导出CSV

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