Temperature field and dynamic types of shallow groundwater in the northwest inland basin: A case study of the Jiuquan East Basin
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摘要: 温度是地下水的固有属性，地下水温度场和动态特征是地下水流系统的外在表现。为揭示地下水开采等人类活动影响下西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场特征与地下水流系统的关系，基于多点位、长序列、高精度的地下水温度监测数据，在酒泉东盆地开展了地下水温度场及动态特征研究。结果表明：酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度9.33~20.77℃不等，平均水温为13.54℃，自地下水补给区至排泄区，沿地下水径流方向，浅层地下水温度逐渐升高；循环深度相近的不同地下水流系统对比表明，浅层地下水温度与地下水动力条件呈负相关，地表水入渗补给大、水动力条件强的水流系统地下水平均温度低，入渗补给小、水动力条件弱的地下水平均温度高；浅层地下水温度动态受自然地下水循环和地下水开采等人类活动共同影响，从山前地下水补给区到中游绿洲区再到下游排泄区，浅部地下水温度动态可划分为4种基本类型，依次分别为河流补给型、水温稳定型、开采相关型、正弦波动型。Abstract: Temperature is an inherent property of groundwater.Groundwater temperature field and dynamic characteristics are objective manifestations of groundwater flow system.Based on multi-point, long series and high precision groundwater temperature monitoring data, the characteristics of shallow groundwater temperature distribution and dynamic type of water temperature in Jiuquan East Basin are studied, in order to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of shallow groundwater temperature field and groundwater flow system under the influence of human activities such as groundwater exploitation in northwest inland basin.The results show that the shallow groundwater temperature ranges from 9.33℃ to 20.77℃, and the average water temperature is 13.54℃.From the recharge area to the discharge area, the shallow groundwater temperature increases gradually along the direction of groundwater runoff, and the average groundwater temperature in January is higher than that in July.The comparison of different groundwater flow systems with similar circulation depth shows that the shallow groundwater temperature is negatively correlated with groundwater dynamic conditions.The average groundwater temperature of the water flow system with large surface water recharge and strong hydrodynamic conditions is lower, and that of the water flow system with small recharge and weak hydrodynamic conditions is higher.The temperature dynamics of shallow groundwater are affected by human activities such as natural groundwater circulation and groundwater exploitation.From groundwater recharge area to oasis area in the middle reaches and drainage area in the lower reaches, the temperature dynamic of shallow groundwater can be divided into four basic types, which are river recharge type, water temperature stability type, groundwater exploitation related type and sinusoidal fluctuation type respectively.
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图 1 酒泉东盆地第四系厚度及地下水温度监测点分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of Quaternary thickness and groundwater temperature monitoring points in Jiuquan East Basin
图 3 酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度场
Figure 3. Temperature field of shallow groundwater in Jiuquan East Basin
图 4 酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度年内变幅图
Figure 4. Variation diagram of shallow groundwater temperature within a year in Jiuquan East Basin
图 5 丰乐河地下水流系统水温-水位埋深关系图
Figure 5. Relationship between water temperature and water level buried depth of Fengle River groundwater flow system
图 6 各地下水流系统平均水温-补给河流年径流量关系图
Figure 6. Relationship between average water temperature and annual runoff of recharge rivers in different groundwater flow systems
图 7 酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度动态类型
Figure 7. Dynamic types of shallow groundwater temperature in Jiuquan East Basin
图 8 酒泉东盆地典型监测孔浅层地下水位埋深-温度变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation curves of groundwater depth and temperature in typical monitoring wells in Jiuquan East Basin
表 1 酒泉东盆地浅层地下水监测点地下水温度统计
Table 1. Groundwater temperature statistics of shallow groundwater monitoring points in Jiuquan East Basin
分区 孔号 孔深/m 水位埋深/m 最高水温 最低水温 水温变幅 1月平均水温 7月平均水温 年均水温 水温/℃ 马营河水流系统 HQ20 60.0 3.42 11.18 10.06 1.12 10.97 10.08 10.52 HQ21 120.0 10.40 12.20 11.36 0.84 12.32 11.33 11.55 HQ23 178.0 2.42 16.03 15.55 0.48 15.97 15.72 15.90 HQ24 263.6 123.10 16.25 16.08 0.17 16.24 16.20 16.20 HQ26 335.6 113.56 14.90 14.83 0.07 14.89 14.88 14.87 HQ27 61.8 5.10 15.54 13.83 1.71 15.51 13.82 14.90 HQ28 34.2 4.15 15.70 12.70 3.00 13.42 13.71 13.49 HQ29 24.2 5.21 16.28 13.18 3.10 15.55 13.70 14.68 HQ31 120.0 21.63 11.88 11.77 0.11 11.85 11.87 11.82 平均值 1.18 14.08 13.48 13.77 丰乐河水流系统 HQ32 112.0 10.99 15.26 14.50 0.77 15.13 15.12 15.00 HQ33 138.0 2.01 18.50 18.00 0.50 18.14 18.39 18.24 HQ34 79.0 28.92 13.45 12.78 0.67 14.14 12.86 13.25 HQ35 106.0 2.79 22.39 19.45 2.94 20.00 22.30 20.77 HQ36 86.0 30.35 14.90 13.82 1.08 14.52 14.00 14.73 HQ37 144.0 46.31 13.74 13.59 0.15 13.68 13.73 13.69 HQ38 85.6 3.09 16.40 16.28 0.12 16.28 16.32 16.36 HQ39 134.0 3.83 17.28 12.12 5.16 16.82 13.38 15.55 平均值 1.42 16.09 15.76 15.95 北大河水流系统 HQ40 74.0 6.54 14.00 10.95 3.05 12.47 12.68 12.63 HQ41 113.0 1.97 10.58 9.64 0.94 9.68 9.95 9.77 HQ42 120.0 30.46 10.75 10.49 0.26 10.65 10.64 10.69 HQ43 233.0 19.84 10.31 10.01 0.30 10.23 10.19 10.04 HQ44 240.0 108.16 9.49 9.13 0.36 9.35 9.34 9.33 HQ45 118.0 60.36 12.20 11.75 0.45 12.02 11.88 11.89 HQ46 110.0 17.19 13.05 12.79 0.26 12.94 13.02 12.98 HQ47 239.0 48.57 11.01 10.84 0.17 10.96 10.99 10.96 HQ48 130.2 16.24 12.35 11.99 0.36 12.24 12.30 12.28 平均值 0.68 11.17 11.22 11.17 酒泉东盆地平均值 1.08 13.69 13.40 13.54 
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