Microstructure characteristics and genetic analysis of tight reservoirs with different provenance systems: A case study of Fanjiachuan and Nanliang region of Chang 6 reservoir in Longdong area, Ordos Basin
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地致密油气资源丰富，其中陇东地区长6储层的发育受多物源体系的控制，成为当前研究热点，但目前对不同物源控制的砂体微观结构特征差异等缺乏深入了解，制约了该地长6储层的勘探与评价。通过铸体薄片鉴定、镜下观察、X衍射及恒速压汞分析等实验手段，开展了不同物源体系控制下的储层微观结构特征研究，对比分析了沉积微相对储层发育的影响，建立了对应的孔隙演化模型，并探讨了主要成岩作用对储层致密化的控制。结果表明：①喉道是控制储层渗透率的主要因素，北东部物源沉积区较西部物源沉积区的喉道发育状况更好，渗透率更高；②随着渗透率升高，受北东部物源控制的南梁地区半径大于0.50 μm的较大喉道对渗透率的贡献明显增加；③沉积微相是控制不同物源体系砂体物性的重要因素，受北东部物源控制的南梁地区的砂质碎屑流和浊流砂体物性均好于受西部物源控制的樊家川地区；压实作用是造成储层致密化的主要原因，受不同物源体系储层伊利石和绿泥石含量差异的影响，北东部物源沉积区压实减孔量(19.29%)小于西部物源沉积区(22.32%)。该研究成果对不同物源体系致密油的后期评价具有指导意义。
Abstract:Ordos Basin is rich in tight oil and gas resources.The multi-source system controls the development of Chang 6 reservoir in Longdong area. However, the current study on the microstructural characteristics of sand bodies is weak, which has restricted the exploration and evaluation of Chang 6 reservoir in this area. In this study, we used microstructural analysis by thin sections, X-ray diffraction and constant-speed mercury intrusion analysis to identify the microstructure characteristics of reservoirs, and to compare the influence of sedimentary microstructures on reservoir development. Based on these information, we establish corresponding pore evolution models, and discuss the control mechanisms of main diagenesis on reservoir densification. Our results can concluded as followed.①Throats are the main factor to control the permeability of the reservoir. The northeast provenance area shows better throat development and higher permeability than the western provenance area; ②As the permeability increases, the contribution of large throats to the permeability increases significantly in Nanliang area; ③Sedimentary microfacies can be important factors to control the physical properties of sand bodies in different provenance systems. The physical properties of sandy clastic flow and turbidity current sand bodies are better in Nanliang area than those in Fanjiachuan area.Compaction can be the major reason for reservoir densification.Affected by the content difference of illite and chlorite in reservoirs of different provenance systems, the amount of compaction reduction in the northeast provenance deposition area (19.29%) is less than that in the western provenance deposition area (22.32%).The new results have guiding significance to evaluate the late evaluation of tight oil from different provenance systems.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区地质概况及物源界线
a.盆地概况及研究区位置; b.物源方向界线
Figure 1. Geological profile and provenance boundary in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6砂岩岩石类型三端元图
Figure 2. Sandstone detrital composition of Chang 6 Member in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6致密储层孔喉类型
a.粒间孔及片状、管束状喉道，B269井，1 861.0 m，铸体薄片；b.粒间孔，W66井，1 799.8 m，SEM；c.岩屑溶孔，L434井，2 286.1 m，铸体薄片；d.粒内溶孔，W63井，1 991.2 m，SEM；e.少量碎屑发生伊利石蚀变，晶间孔隙发育，B269井，1 934.2 m，SEM；f.晶间孔，B240井，2 164.2 m，SEM；g.晶间孔，W66井，1 812.6 m，SEM；h.微裂隙，L368井，2 245.2 m，铸体薄片；i.微裂隙，L58井，2 121.9 m
Figure 3. Pore throat types of Chang 6 tight reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层代表性样品的孔喉半径与渗透率贡献分布曲线
a.不同渗透率样品的孔隙半径分布曲线；b.不同渗透率样品的喉道半径分布曲线；c.不同样品的渗透率贡献分布曲线
Figure 4. Relationships between pore throat radius and permeability of representative samples of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层样品的平均孔隙、喉道半径与渗透率相关图
Figure 5. Correlation diagram of average pore and throat radius, permeability of the samples of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层代表性样品的孔喉半径比分布曲线
Figure 6. Distribution curve of pore-throat radius ratio of representative samples of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层代表性样品的恒速压汞毛管压力曲线
Figure 7. Constant velocity mercury injection capillary pressure curve of representative samples of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层不同喉道半径样品的毛管压力曲线
Figure 8. Capillary pressure curves of samples with different throat radius of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6重力流沉积构造特征
a.鲍马序列BD段，L312井，2 035.6 m；b.鲍马序列DE段，S157井，1 902.9 m；c.沟模，L312井，2 053.0 m；d.泥火焰构造，L330井，2 134.6 m；e.块状砂岩，砂质碎屑流，C120井，1 926.7 m；f.块状砂岩，砂质碎屑流，C80井，1 978.5 m；g.块状砂岩含黑色泥岩漂砾，B269井，1 869.9 m；h.块状砂岩含黑色泥岩漂砾，W62井，1 798.0 m
Figure 9. Structure characteristics of gravity flow sedimentary of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川(a)和南梁(b)地区长6段沉积微相分布图
Figure 10. Distribution map of sedimentary microfacies of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan (a) and Nanliang (b) area, Ordos Basin
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区B182井(a)，C81井(b)长63储集砂体沉积微相-岩性-测井-物性-产能关系
Figure 11. Relationship between sedimentary microfacies-logging-lithology-physical properties-productivity of Chang 63 reservoir sandbody in Well B182(a) and Well C81(b) in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层孔隙演化史对比
Figure 12. Comparison of pore evolution history of Chang 6 reservoirs in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层成岩作用特征
a.千枚岩岩屑受压充填孔隙，L434井，2 294.0 m，铸体薄片；b.黑云母受挤压变形强烈，B275井，2 004.5 m，铸体薄片；c.伊利石充填孔喉，B278井，1 845.3 m，SEM；d.部分孔隙中充填丝片状伊利石，W66井，1 812.6 m，SEM；e.少量碎屑溶蚀蚀变绿泥石黏土矿物，W64井，1 913.3 m，SEM；f.孔隙衬里绿泥石，B253井，2 063.5 m，SEM；g.钙质胶结，B239井，2 104.9 m，铸体薄片；h.钙质胶结，L54井，1 931.8 m，铸体薄片；i.铁白云石充填孔隙，M80井，2 315.2 m，铸体薄片；j.铁方解石充填孔隙，W65井，1 876.8 m，铸体薄片；k.微孔，见石英加大，L181井，1 892.7 m，铸体薄片；l.自生石英充填孔隙，W66井，1 799.8 m，SEM
Figure 13. Diagenesis characteristics of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
图 14 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层面孔率与伊利石体积分数相关性
Figure 14. Correlation between illite content and face ratio of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层储集空间类型
Table 1. Reservoir space type of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
地区 粒间孔/% 粒间溶孔/% 长石溶孔/% 岩屑溶孔/% 晶间孔/% 微裂隙/% 面孔率/% 樊家川 1.06 0.06 0.91 0.13 0.03 0.01 2.20 南梁 1.26 0.03 1.39 0.11 0.03 0.02 2.84 
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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层样品的恒速压汞孔喉结构参数
Table 2. Constant velocity mercury injection pore throat structure parameters of the samples of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
地区 井号 样品号 孔隙度/% 气测渗透率/10-3 μm2 平均孔隙半径/μm 平均喉道半径/μm 平均孔喉比 进汞饱和度/% 总计 孔隙 喉道 樊家川 L447 1 6.29 0.013 155.53 0.16 1071.30 16.08 6.57 9.51 L330 2 9.36 0.055 167.43 0.29 721.22 53.84 36.06 17.78 B518 3 13.00 0.169 151.47 0.36 488.61 45.13 26.33 18.80 B259 4 12.51 0.290 127.40 0.57 327.05 64.31 47.45 16.86 B480 5 10.05 0.060 128.29 0.34 484.77 44.98 26.73 18.25 B116 6 7.63 0.150 157.70 0.29 654.00 46.40 31.97 14.43 B465 7 8.15 0.120 122.37 0.28 436.42 23.11 7.33 15.78 L87 8 8.59 0.150 140.29 0.41 452.88 37.17 6.13 31.04 平均 9.45 0.126 143.81 0.34 579.53 41.38 23.57 17.81 南梁 W63 1 6.25 0.036 167.67 0.25 747.83 52.58 31.32 21.26 W65 2 9.70 0.080 163.07 0.30 644.51 54.86 40.67 14.19 B275 3 13.16 0.175 164.26 0.44 525.26 62.00 41.43 20.57 S156 4 8.95 0.120 117.43 0.96 127.44 28.88 4.07 24.81 S141 5 11.98 0.110 121.01 0.21 721.12 30.47 16.23 14.24 B518 6 11.28 0.450 131.51 0.99 185.06 67.48 32.63 34.85 B483 7 8.32 0.102 135.20 0.72 236.89 33.74 4.38 29.36 平均 9.95 0.153 142.88 0.55 455.44 47.14 24.39 22.75
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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地樊家川和南梁地区长6储层砂岩填隙物组合及物性特征
Table 3. Sandstone interstitial composition and physical properties of Chang 6 reservoir in Fanjiachuan and Nanliang area, Ordos Basin
地区 主要填隙物wB/% 孔隙特征/% 物性特征 高岭石 伊利石 绿泥石 网状黏土 方解石 铁方解石 铁白云石 硅质 粒间孔 面孔率 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 樊家川 0.06 7.13 0.72 0.07 0.47 1.29 2.62 1.15 1.06 2.20 9.05 0.17 南梁 0.05 4.16 2.98 0.28 0.26 1.86 1.19 1.14 1.26 2.84 10.77 0.32
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