Prediction of pressure distribution and formation mechanism in low exploration area: A case study of Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
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摘要: 基于地震速度谱资料，结合实测钻井压力、测井数据分析结果，从单井-剖面-平面系统预测了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的压力分布。研究结果表明：西湖凹陷储层呈现两套压力系统，分别为正常压力系统和超压系统，超压系统主要发育于花港组和平湖组内，层位上由西至东逐渐变新。泥岩亦表现为浅部常压、深部超压，不同的区带有所差异。西湖凹陷超压顶界面分布受深度控制不显著，主要受层位控制，超压顶界面通常位于花港组下段以及平湖组上段。西湖凹陷关键界面超压带覆盖范围、连续性总体较好，且具一定的区域展布方向，在规模较大断层具较明显的差异性。断层对压力的积累起着一定输导、分割和破坏作用。不均衡压实作用和生烃作用是西湖凹陷超压形成的主要机制，但在不同的区带存在较大差异。Abstract: The distribution of pressure was predicted in Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin by combining with the existing measured drilling pressure, log data analysis results and seismic velocity spectrum geophysical data. The results show that there are two sets of pressure systems, normal pressure system and overpressure system in Xihu Depression. The overpressure is mainly developed in Huagang Formation and Pinghu Formation, and the formation gradually changes younger from west to east. Mudstone is also characterized by shallow atmospheric pressure and deep overpressure, but varies in different zones. The interface of overpressure is mainly located in the lower part of Huagang Formation and the upper part of Pinghu Formation. The characteristics of the interface distribution of the overpressure are mainly controlled by the formation, and the depth has little effect on the distribution of the interface. The overpressure zone of the key interface covers a good continuity and has a certain regional distribution direction. There are obvious differences in large scale faults, which play a certain role in transporting, dividing and destroying the accumulation of pressure. Under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation are the main factors that produce overpressure in Xihu Depression, but there are great differences in different areas.
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Key words:
- overpressure /
- distribution characteristics /
- prediction /
- formation mechanism /
- Xihu Depression
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图 1 西湖凹陷位置示意图(a)、地层剖面(b)及构造单元划分(c)
QD.第四系东海群；N2s.上新统三潭组；N1ll.中新统柳渡组；N1y.中新统玉泉组；N1lj.中新统龙井组；E3h.渐新统花港组；E2p.中上始新统平湖组；E1.古新统
Figure 1. Location (a), stratigraphic section (b) and division of tectonic units (c) in Xihu Depression
图 2 中央背斜带A′剖面(a)和B′剖面(b)泥岩超压顶界面分布
Figure 2. Overpressure top interface distribution of mudstone of section A′(a) and section B′(b) in central anticlinal belt
图 3 西湖凹陷超压顶界面埋藏深度平面分布等值线图
Figure 3. Contour diagram of overpressure top interface in Xihu Depression
图 4 西湖凹陷T24反射界面剩余压力(a)与压力系数(b)平面分布图
Figure 4. Contour diagram of pressure coefficient (a) and residual pressure (b) at T24 seismic reflection interface in Xihu Depression
图 5 西湖凹陷T30反射界面剩余压力(a)与压力系数(b)平面分布图
Figure 5. Contour diagram of pressure coefficient (a) and residual pressure (b) at T30 seismic reflection interface in Xihu Depression
图 6 西湖凹陷T32反射界面剩余压力(a)与压力系数(b)平面分布图
Figure 6. Contour diagram of pressure coefficient (a) and residual pressure (b) at T32 seismic reflection interface in Xihu Depression
图 7 西湖凹陷平湖组沉积相-沉积厚度-剩余压力耦合平面图
Figure 7. Coupling diagram of sedimentary facies-sedimentary thickness-excessive pressure of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Depression
表 1 西湖凹陷部分超压钻井统计
Table 1. Statistics of the drilling overpressure formation in Xihu Depression
构造带 区带 井名 深度/m 实测压力/MPa 压力系数 测试点所在层位 保俶斜坡带 平北地区 A11 3 651.66 44.42 1.21 平湖组中段 A11 3 955.00 52.16 1.31 平湖组中段 A12 3 924.82 49.65 1.26 平湖组下段 A12 4 073.00 54.11 1.32 平湖组下段 A12 4 178.50 57.76 1.38 平湖组下段 A16 3 802.89 45.71 1.20 平湖组下段 A17 4 113.00 60.12 1.46 平湖组下段 A18 4 043.00 48.98 1.21 平湖组下段 A19 4 524.30 66.76 1.47 平湖组中段 A19 4 804.90 63.33 1.31 平湖组中段 A13 3 801.60 53.33 1.40 平湖组中段 平中地区 A1 3 789.50 50.50 1.33 平湖组下段 A1 4 148.50 73.82 1.77 平湖组下段 A1 4 278.50 73.50 1.71 平湖组下段 A2 3 379.00 44.22 1.30 平湖组下段 A2 3 494.50 50.61 1.44 平湖组下段 A2 3 574.00 52.59 1.47 平湖组下段 A2 3 619.00 55.54 1.53 平湖组下段 A3 3 327.80 42.07 1.26 平湖组下段 A3 3 397.30 44.17 1.30 平湖组下段 A3 3 429.00 49.66 1.44 平湖组下段 A3 3 501.50 52.74 1.50 平湖组下段 A4 3 678.00 46.50 1.26 平湖组下段 A4 3 695.50 44.66 1.20 平湖组下段 A7 3 765.14 56.49 1.50 平湖组下段 A10 3 780.00 52.51 1.38 平湖组下段 三潭深凹 B2 4 060.15 58.19 1.43 花港组下段 B3 4 142.03 54.41 1.31 花港组下段 B3 3 469.80 51.21 1.47 花港组下段 B4 4 144.76 62.53 1.50 花港组下段 B4 3 964.00 46.41 1.17 花港组下段 B5 4 284.20 53.38 1.24 花港组下段 B5 4 069.60 50.05 1.22 花港组下段 B5 3 962.30 49.20 1.24 花港组下段 B5 3 914.60 47.67 1.21 花港组下段 B6 4 619.50 72.67 1.57 花港组下段 B6 3 981.00 46.24 1.16 花港组下段 中央背斜带 C8 3 925.17 57.36 1.46 花港组下段 C10 3 167.90 44.52 1.40 花港组下段 C10 3 359.70 49.49 1.47 花港组下段 C12 4 182.00 51.43 1.23 花港组下段 C12 4 287.79 52.55 1.22 花港组下段 C12 4 316.00 52.89 1.22 花港组下段 C12 4 390.00 53.75 1.22 花港组下段 C13 4 280.00 53.68 1.25 花港组下段 
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表 2 西湖凹陷代表井泥岩超压顶界面深度统计
Table 2. Statistics of top interface depth of overpressure of mudstone in Xihu Depression
构造带 区带 井名 深度/m 层位 保俶斜坡带 平北地区 A11 3 450 平湖组上段 A12 3 800 平湖组中段 A14 3 300 平湖组中段 A15 3 550 平湖组上段 A16 3 200 平湖组中段 平中地区 A1 3 300 平湖组上段 A4 3 200 平湖组中段 A6 3 250 平湖组下段 A7 3 150 平湖组上段 A8 2 500 花港组下段 平南地区 A21 3 300 平湖组中段 三潭深凹 B1 2 450 花港组上段 B5 3 100 花港组上段 B6 2 900 花港组上段 B7 3 750 花港组上段 中央背斜带 C1 3 450 平湖组上段 C3 3 100 花港组下段 C5 3 100 平湖组上段 C7 3 100 花港组上段 C8 3 100 花港组上段 C9 3 000 花港组上段 C10 2 850 花港组上段 C13 3 000 花港组上段
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表 3 计算压力与钻井实测压力对比
Table 3. Comparison between calculated pressure and measured pressure in drilling
序号 测试深度/m 实测压力/MPa 地震剖面深度/m 计算压力/MPa 相对误差/% 计算点 井号 1 3 028.62 51.13 3 071.08 46.07 -9.90 CDP5090 C1 2 3 359.70 56.88 3 355.82 46.98 -17.40 3 2632.03 26.07 2 630.07 27.35 4.92 4 3 167.90 44.52 3 160.89 44.25 -0.61 5 3 599.05 37.44 3 580.97 35.81 -4.35 CDP1570 A7 6 3 804.00 53.38 3 839.23 53.75 0.68 7 4 280.50 73.53 4 293.02 72.98 -0.75 CDP2610 A10 8 4 148.50 73.82 4 177.38 70.18 -4.93 9 3 797.00 50.59 3 723.23 50.26 -0.65 10 3 229.00 32.17 3 282.37 32.82 2.03 11 2 980.50 29.48 2 964.53 29.65 0.56 12 2 717.75 26.57 2 762.32 27.62 3.96 13 2 315.50 22.82 2 388.00 23.88 4.65 15 2 619.07 26.19 2 655.15 27.88 6.45 CDP6400 C5 16 2 794.82 27.83 2 750.46 28.88 3.77 18 1 950.46 19.46 1 994.79 20.34 4.53 19 2 984.50 29.36 2 948.17 31.43 7.04 20 4 284.20 53.38 4 262.52 53.28 -0.18 CDP2360 B4 21 4 069.60 50.05 4 055.32 50.69 1.28 22 3 962.30 49.20 3 953.78 49.42 0.45 23 3 738.30 39.38 3 754.25 42.55 8.06
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